SUICIDE PREVENTION AWARENESS 14th ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE 2021
City/Town: Esterhazy Province: Saskatchewan Address: 300 Kennedy Drive S0A 0X0 Phone Number: 306.745.2688 • Licensed family restaurant • Sports lounge • Catering • Dine in • Take out
1 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers FROM THE PRESIDENT As President of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I am proud to introduce our 14th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Suicide Prevention. Suicides are one of the worst calls a police officer can attend. Not only has someone taken their own life, but members of their family are always left with a feeling of guilt and unanswered questions. With the Global Pandemic isolating society and people losing their livelihood due to the closing of the world, there is increased stress that we haven’t seen before. We need to continue to talk about Suicide Prevention and mental health to reduce the stigma throughout Canada. We have also seen a rise in suicides among public safety personnel. Every day, Police Officers attend to horrific calls for service where lives are lost. They are expected to put on a brave front, but at the end of the shift, they are still human. We need to continue to support our officers who continually put their lives in danger to ensure their communities are safe. Please, if you need help, reach out. There are many supports in the province and across Canada. Together, by showing compassion and understanding, we can continue to support each other and help to eliminate suicides. This publication is distributed free-of-charge each year to public facilities including local schools and libraries throughout the province, and will also be available “on line” at the SFPO’s website www.saskpolice.com, to help educate and promote the public’s role in identifying and reporting this terrible crime. I want to take this time to thank you for your contributions and support. With the generous support of individuals, businesses, and corporations throughout the province, we are able to educate the citizens of the province on Suicide Prevention. On behalf of the 1400 members of the SFPO, we appreciate your continued support in the province of Saskatchewan. Thank you for continuing to work together to build safe communities throughout Saskatchewan. Casey Ward President Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
2 Suicide Prevention Awareness Board of Directors President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Casey Ward Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taylor Elder Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean Pringle Director – Regina Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colin Glas Director – Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harry Leroux Director – Moose Jaw Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chris Flanagan Director – Prince Albert Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Josh Peterson Director – Estevan Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevin Reed Director – Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darcy Cleasby Director – Saskatoon Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patrick Nogier Director – Regina Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darcy Koch Executive Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bernie Eiswirth 306.539.0960 - www.saskpolice.com Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers - twitter.com/saskfed PO Box 26116, Regina, SK S4R 8R7 The Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers represents over 1,300 police personnel from six municipalities in Saskatchewan: Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Weyburn and Estevan. The SFPO is comprised of 8 police associations from each of those cities including senior officer associations in Regina and Saskatoon.
3 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers FROM THE PUBLISHER “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.” On behalf of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and every advertiser and sponsor of our Annual Telephone Appeal, allowing this unique publication to be distributed throughout the community, to schools, libraries and public facilities and also available online at www.saskpolice.com, making it easily accessible to everyone. The SFPO publishes an Annual Crime Prevention Guide to educate the public on important community concerns. This 14th Annual Crime Prevention Guide targets the subject of Suicide Prevention Awareness and is designed to help prevent suicides by recognizing the signs and behaviors of children and adults that may be at risk. This publication is made possible as a result of financial support from residents and business representatives throughout the province. With their generous support for the activities of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, the SFPO is also able to give back to their communities through donations to various local charities and programs for youth, such as their recent $5,000 donation to KIDS HELP PHONE, which provides 24/7 support and counselling to help young people get the help they need. Last year, young people in Saskatchewan reached out to the Kids Help Phone over 59,000 times, which is 25,000 more contacts than in 2019, as a result of COVID-19 challenges. We welcome comments or suggestions regarding these publications and always look forward to speaking with you each year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, Mark T. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services
4 Suicide Prevention Awareness Meter Calibration/Proving Services - • Authorized by Measurement Canada to perform volumetric device inspections Supporting Bulk Hauling Companies for over • 30 Years Certified Tank Trailer Engineers and Facilities • Tanks Trailer Parts Specialists and Rush Services • Network Specialized trailer Mechanics and Training • Certification SALES • SERVICE • PARTS “Experience our Commitment to Quality Excellence” northlandpower.com North Battleford SK (306) 937-3823 Proud to support the SFPO
5 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 14th Annual Community Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the SFPO President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Publisher’s Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 SFPO in the Community - Blast from the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Prince Albert Police Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Suicide in Canada: Key Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Teens talk, but is Canada listening? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Top problems reported by teens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Suicidal thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Body or self image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Bullying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 I’m Having Thoughts of Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 I’m Concerned About Someone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Factors that increase the risk of suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Suicide and suicide prevention in the Canadian Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Safe communication for suicide prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Talking to children about a suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 When a parent dies by suicide... What kids want to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 What is intervention? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Safety plans to prevent suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Patient Safety Plan Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Youth Story: On barriers to seeking mental health resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Journey to hope: Alicia Raimundo’s story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Dani’s story of grief, hope and the power of compassion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 What youths want adults to know about suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Pillars for Life: The Saskatchewan Suicide Prevention Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Rural and remote communities and suicide prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Agriculture and Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Why are Men at Risk of Suicide? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Where to Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Need Help But Don’t Know Where to Start? Contact 211 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . 128 ADVERTISERS’ INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 SUICIDE PREVENTION AWARENESS
6 Suicide Prevention Awareness cash, cheque and e-transfers accepted Tfswjoh!Sfhjob!boe!Bsfb!gps!pwfs!56!Zfbst Dr. Greg Konotopetz 3291 Quance Street Regina, SK S4V 3B7 (306) 584-2833 www.signaturesmiles.ca 3009 MILLAR AVE. 306-652-7474 TheEnsuiteSaskatoon.com
7 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Blast From The Past The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges and restrictions on community activities and events around the world. While we have all had to maintain our distance and reduce social gatherings to help slow the spread of COVID-19, we at the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers look forward to seeing you again at our community events in the, hopefully, near future. We hope you’re all staying safe and well! Here are some highlights from some of our past community events. We are so proud to be part of the communities we serve!
8 Suicide Prevention Awareness Suite 2610 421 7th Avenue SW Calgary AB T2P 4K9 (306) 753-2466 Working together to protect our communities.
Blast From The Past 9 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
RWDSU RETAIL WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT STORE UNION Regina 1233 Winnipeg Street S4R 1K1 Phone: 306-569-9311 Fax: 306-569-9521 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-747-9378 UNION MEMBERSHIP PAYS HIGH DIVIDENDS FOR A BETTER FUTURE - JOIN R.W.D.S.U. Fairness in the workplace Saskatoon 2154 Airport Drive S7L 6M6 Phone: 306-384-9885 Fax: 306-384-1006 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-717-9378 Such Things as: • Higher Wages • Fair Treatment • Job Security • Democratic Decision Making • Proper Scheduling • Better Health and Safety Procedures • Sick Leave • Proper Grievance Procedures • Family Dental Plan • Experienced Staff Working for You • Improved Vacation • Good Pension 10 Suicide Prevention Awareness 6740 65th Avenue Red Deer SK T4P 1A5 (306) 536-0112 www.papolice.ca
11 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Blast From The Past
12 Suicide Prevention Awareness 104 Burrows Avenue West Melfort, SK S0E 1A0 Ph: 306-752-4950 Fax: 306-752-4937 Box 4466 Regina, SK S4P 3W7 (306) 522-4228 thatstorageplace.ca www.millsapfuels.ca Proudly serving the following communities and surrounding areas: Carrot River – Debden – Elrose – Eston – Humboldt – Kenaston – Kerrobert – Kindersley – La Ronge – Melfort – Plenty – Prince Albert – Rosetown – Saskatoon – Tisdale – Waldheim • Cardlock Services • Bulk Fuel • Lubricants
Blast From The Past 13 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
ORIGINAL GM SUPERSTORE Your 306-946-3336 www.watrousmainline.com 14 Suicide Prevention Awareness Proud supporters of our Local Law Enforcement 900 22nd St. East, Prince Albert SK (306) 765-5205 20% discount on food for local law enforcement and emergency service workers who come in, in uniform Jamie Blunden Chief of Police
PRINCEALBERT POLICEASSOCIATION 2021 was a challenging year for our community and for our members. While our members continued to be involved in the community through volunteering, coaching and other initiatives, COVID-19 definitely made 2021 different than any year in recent memory. The Association was still able to provide donations to our community throughout the year. Here are a couple examples of PAPA giving back to their community. In the Community Our members of the Association were able to give back to the community. With the help of the Police Association members of our canine team created a 45th Anniversary calendar, whose proceeds were donated to Kidsport and SPCA. Once again our members took part in the 4 x 100m Terry Fox relay race to raise money for the Terry Fox Foundation. Once again we defeated PA Fire and Parkland Ambulance. Still Champs! In the summer we hosted a bike rodeo for the community and that was well attended. 15 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
16 Suicide Prevention Awareness DR. OSHODI PROFESSIONAL CORP. 4517 50 Avenue, Suite 1 Lloydminster, SK S9V 0Z9 306.825.5454
17 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Suicide Suicide is a troubling topic that most of us would rather not deal with, but suicide is a reality, and it is more common than we would like to think. - More than 3,500 Canadians kill themselves each year. - 1 in every 25 Canadians attempts suicide during his or her lifetime. - A 1994 United Nations study over a three-year period found Canada’s suicide rate for children and youth under 21 to be among the highest in the world. Many times suicidal actions are a desperate “cry for help” and many suicides can be prevented. By paying attention to warning signs and talking about the “unthinkable,” you may be able to prevent a death. Why do people take their own life? Most people who attempt suicide are ambivalent about taking their own life, however circumstances make them feel that life is unbearable. Suicide seems like the only way to deal with their problems because they have an extreme sense of hopelessness, helplessness and depression. Some of the factors that may lead a person to attempt suicide are: - feelings of isolation - having a serious physical illness - experiencing a major loss (death of a loved one, unemployment or divorce) - abuse of drugs or alcohol - experiencing major changes in life - prolonged depression with alterations in thinking patterns - post-partum depression - history of severe child abuse - living in a violent relationship What are the danger signs? Some people who kill themselves do not give any warning at all. Many, however, offer clues and communicate their plans to others. Individuals expressing suicidal intentions should always be taken seriously. Some of the signs to look out for are: - direct suicide threats such as “I want to die,” or indirect threats such as “You would be better off without me” - personality changes or withdrawn behaviour - hoarding medication - giving away prized possessions - lack of interest in future plans - isolation from friends and colleagues - depression Threats that may signal imminent danger often come from people who are isolated, who have attempted suicide before (and then were discovered only by accident), are impulsive, and have access to lethal means (weapons, drugs). (continued)
18 Suicide Prevention Awareness Swift Current Fire Fighters 236 Chaplin St E Swift Current, SK S9H 5B2 306.778.2760 Swift Current Fire Fighters are proud to support our police Box 9 Quill Lake SK S0A 3E0 Ph: 306-383-2592 Email: [email protected] Village of Quill Lake PO Box 1900, Unity SK S0K 4L0 • (306) 228-3778
19 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers What can you do to help prevent a suicide? Suicide is a taboo subject yet talking about it openly is helpful. A person contemplating suicide needs the support of people who listen and care. If you are concerned that someone you know may be suicidal, take action: - find a place to talk where the person feels comfortable, they need to know that you respect their need for privacy - encourage the individual to express their feelings freely - the single most important thing you can do is to listen attentively without judgment - ask them whether they have considered suicide - bringing up the subject will not cause them to act upon it - talk to them about your concern and fears - they need to know that someone cares - ask whether there is anything you can do - talk about the resources that can give them support - family, friends, clergy, counselling or psychiatric treatment - let them know that you are there to support them, but also know your limits - you cannot do it alone What can you do if you are feeling suicidal? It may seem like there is no light at the end of the tunnel, and asking others for help and discussing your feelings can seem like a daunting task. If you reach out however, you will discover that there is help and that you are not alone. Many people have felt suicidal when facing difficult times and have survived, returning to normal lives. If you have these feelings you should: • talk to a trusted friend or family member about your feelings • call a crisis telephone support line • talk to your family physician; he or she can arrange for counselling and/or prescribe medication • get involved in a self-help group and talk to people who have “been there” • understand that you are not in the best shape to make major decisions You will find a list of resources where to get help at the back of this book. reachoutnow.ca Suicide (continued) www.freepik.com/photos/Business photo created by jcomp
Sign up today for our Rewards Program and receive a $10 gift certificate 20 Suicide Prevention Awareness SANTA LUCIA PIZZA 3501 8th Street E, Unit 113 Saskatoon SK S7H 0W5 (306) 668-2222 Proud to support the SFPO Representing over 14,000 Health Care Workers in Saskatchewan. CUPE recognizes the seriousness of Mental Health, Suicide Prevention, PTSD, Drug Addiction, Alcoholism and all other challenges people face, on a daily basis, in our community. CUPE LOCAL 5430 1651 Park Street, Regina, SK, S4N 5A2 COPE/342 11 Osler Str et, Regina SK S4R 8R4
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22 Suicide Prevention Awareness REGINA, SK 588 Local ATU Local 588, which consists of Transit Operators, Maintenance and Clerical Staff, is proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Annual Crime Prevention Guide. Journaling and writing can be healing. Find out how by joining the SWG. Visit us at www.skwriter.com to learn more! A home for your voice. 1810 McAra Street Regina SK S4N 6C4 (306) 352-1433
23 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Suicide in Canada – an overview of the infographic on page 21 An average of 10 people die by suicide each day in Canada. Of the approx. 4000 deaths by suicide each year, more than 90% were living with a mental health problem or illness. Suicide is the 9th leading cause of death in Canada. 1. Cancer 6. Diabetes 2. Heart disease 7. Alzheimer’s disease 3. Stroke 8. Influenza + pneumonia 4. Respiratory disease 9. Suicide 5. Unintentional injuries 10. Kidney disease Across the life span Children and youth (10 to 19 years) - Suicide 2nd leading cause of death - Males account for 41% of 10-14 year old suicides, increasing to 70% of 15-19 year olds - Self-harm hospitalizations 72% females Young adults (20 to 29 years) - Suicide 2nd leading cause of death - Males account for 75% of suicides - Self-harm hospitalizations 58% females Adults (30 to 44 years) - Suicide 3rd leading cause of death - Males account for 75% of suicides - Self-harm hospitalizations 56% females Adults (45 to 64 years) - Suicide 7th leading cause of death - Males account for 73% of suicides * Highest suicide rate across lifespan observed among males 45 to 59 years - Self-harm hospitalizations 56% females Seniors (65+ years) - Suicide 12th leading cause of death - Males account for 80% of suicides *Males aged 85+ experience the highest rate of suicides among seniors - Self-harm hospitalizations 52% females For every one suicide death there are: - 5 self-inflicted injury hospitalizations - 25-30 attempts - 7-10 people profoundly affected by suicide loss www.canada.ca You will find a list of resources where to get help at the back of this book.
24 Suicide Prevention Awareness 107 Central St. West Box 340, Warman SK S0K 4S0 (306) 933-2133 Call it Home
25 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
Accelerating Success. 306 664 4433 728 Spadina Crescent East, Saskatoon, SK S7K 3H2 26 Suicide Prevention Awareness
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Communi琀es with PACT teams include: Saskatchewan Police and Crisis Teams saskatchewan.ca Policing and Community Safety Services provides: • $1.1M to fund 10 Municipal Police O cers • $400K to support mental health resources Ministry of Health provides: • $720K to fund 10 health professionals • Includes mental health nurses and crisis workers Regina Saskatoon Moose Jaw Prince Albert Yorkton North Ba琀leford Estevan Police and Crisis Teams (PACT) partner police o cers with health professionals to respond to mental health and substance abuse calls for service. 28 Suicide Prevention Awareness The Royal Regina Rifles Cadet Corps of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets provides young people with the unique opportunity to connect with their Canadian heritage, develop a sense of pride and self discipline and develop leadership skills for tomorrow. They focus on adventure training activities in a multicultural environment, are challenged as individuals and members of a team, participate in ceremonial military events and citizenship activities, develop abilities in the use of map and compass, GPS technology, orienteering, first-aid, survival skills, canoeing, abseiling, trekking, mountain biking, etc. In addition to their specialty training, Cadets may become involved in competitive Olympic-style marksmanship and biathlon, sports competitions, music training and competitions, cultural outings and volunteer community support. The Cadet Program is open to youth from the ages of 12 to 18. For more information go to: www.155reginariflecadets.com Or by email [email protected]
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makingthedi f ference.ca to Saskatchewan’s 11,000 RNs, RPNs and NPs, and everyone on the RNs, RPNs, NPs, and all essential workers on the f rontlines. Saskatchewan cannot get through this pandemic without you. THANK YOU 001.22.SUN SaskFedofPolice ACPG Spring2022 3.375x4.735 CMYK.indd 1 2021-12-16 3:53 PM 30 Suicide Prevention Awareness Office 306.359.5446 Toll Free 1.877.655.7656 Fax 306.559.2889 2510 13th Avenue Regina, SK S4P 0W2 Our areas of practice are as follows: Family Law Criminal Law Real Estate Law Aboriginal Law Civil Law Employment Law Notarial Services Wills & Estates Black Lake First Nation & Black Lake Ventures Fully Support our Saskatchewan Police Officers Black Lake First Nation Black Lake, SK PO Box 27, S0J 0H0 (306) 284-2044 Black Lake Ventures Black Lake, SK PO Box 108, S0J 0H0 (306) 284-3000
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32 Suicide Prevention Awareness Best Wishes from Oly’s Trading Post &Trucking (306) 735-2622 PO Box 427 Weyburn, SK S4H 2K3 306.536.7279 Proud to Support Our Police
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34 Suicide Prevention Awareness The Wireless Age Communications 1408 Broad Street, Regina, SK S4R 1Y8 Tel: 1-306-525-1721 Toll Free: 1-800-525-1721 Web: thewirelessage.com Prince Albert Firefighters Charity Fund 76 - 15th Street E. Prince Albert, SK S6V 1E8 [email protected] Prince Albert Fire Fighters LIMERICK HOTEL Box 49, Limerick SK S0H 2P0 306-263-2133
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36 Suicide Prevention Awareness BECKY’S PLACE Arts, Crafts & Creations Ltd. Follow us on Fort Qu’Appelle SK (306) 332-4133 20 36th Street East Saskatoon, SK S7K 5S8 Office: 306-978-6665 www.bersch.ca Wes Berschiminsky, EP President [email protected] Cell: 306-231-5818 PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING SERVICES FOR OVER 25 YEARS ACTIVITÉS CULTURELLES ET COMMUNAUTAIRES Nos Services : Service Canada, Réseau Lien, CAFE, AFC, École Boréale, Centre Éducatif les Étoiles Filantes, Musée d’Héritage Notukeu, Internet, Salles de Jeux, location d’espaces et nombreux autres services N’hésitez pas à nous contacter ! Centre Culturel Royer 110, Avenue Railway, Ponteix, SK S0N 1Z0 (306) 625-3340 [email protected] Retrouvez-nous également sur Facebook EMAIL: [email protected] K.M. (Ken) BOOTH
37 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers I’m HavingThoughts of Suicide There are many crisis centres available 24 hours a day to talk to you. Thoughts of suicide can sneak up on some people when they are not expecting it. For others, they can come and go and still for others, they always seem to be in the back or front of their mind. If you are experiencing suicide-related thoughts, you need to know that you’re not alone. By some estimates, as many as one in six people will think seriously about suicide at some point in their lives. WHAT YOU NEEDTO KNOW ABOUT SUICIDE RELATED THOUGHTS Suicide-related thoughts can mean different things for different people.They can be an early warning sign that a person is under a lot of stress and worry.They can be the result of intense feelings that a person doesn’t know how to name or how to cope with. For others, suicide related thoughts can be tied to a diagnosed mental illness such as a major depression, post traumatic stress disorder, an anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or substance use. Having these thoughts can be scary for some, and for others, may be perceived to be a comfort as they believe that it may offer a choice or some control when things feel overwhelming and insurmountable. When thoughts of suicide arise, know that “your brain is not your friend”.We know that the intensity of the feelings and thoughts interfere with a person’s ability to problem solve. Living and dealing with these thoughts can be helped through treatment. It’s not easy and still, neither the thoughts nor the feelings will end a person’s life; it’s what you do with those thoughts and feelings. Treatment is not one size fits all. Different treatments work better for some people and at different times in their lives. If you find you are thinking of suicide and can’t think your way out of those thoughts, reach out to a friend, a family member, clergy member, crisis line, therapist or counsellor. They may help you see alternatives, even if just for the time being, to help you keep yourself safer. Will the thoughts go away? The intensity of thoughts of suicide will wax and wane and for some, they may experience these thoughts only once in their lifetime. There can be moments or even days or years of comfort, relief, contentment, even humour or joy, in the midst of experiencing thoughts and feelings that in the moment seem to “never go away”. An example might be that even if my life is falling apart, I can still smile when I eat my favourite food while petting my cat. I can go on a vacation or a day trip and get some relief from the intensity of the thoughts, for the time being. Reasons for living or engaging with possibilities of a future can help manage the current pain. If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide, it’s hard to think of the big picture of a future.That’s because your brain has engaged in what is called “constricted thinking”. Break it down into smaller chunks. “Future” might mean until the next commercial, an hour, a day, a month, or a year. Some people find it helpful to have pictures of people they care about or who care about them; a card or letter from someone important to them; a poem, painting, or song, nearby to remind them they are cared about. Some people find distraction activities helpful, a crossword puzzle, word search, movie, online games, exercising or dancing are some ideas. Do not keep suicidal thoughts to yourself! By sharing your thoughts with someone who can hear your distress, you are no longer holding “the secret” alone. There is no shame to thoughts of suicide. The thoughts are giving you important information that all is not well. There are people who are willing and able to help.Talk to someone, a friend, therapist, clergy member, family member, or teacher and let them know you are wanting their help because the situation feels so horrible. If the first person you try to talk to doesn’t get it, try someone else. Not everyone has the skills and where some people are good at “doing” things, others are good at listening. Pick someone or a resource you think will be best at the moment. You will find a list of resources where to get help at the back of this book. suicideprevention.ca
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39 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers I’m Concerned About Someone What you can do when you’re concerned. Never agree to keep thoughts of suicide a secret. Sometimes instinct tells us we have to break confidentiality. It’s better to have someone alive and mad at you than dead by suicide and you feeling that you missed an opportunity to help keep them safe. We recommend treating this subject and the people involved with respect, dignity and compassion and don’t keep it to yourself. Know who you can connect with as this work cannot be done alone. You may, as a helper, experience thoughts and feelings that are uncomfortable. It’s OKAY to reach out. Talking about suicide can provide tremendous relief and being a listener is the best intervention anyone can give. Talking about suicide will not cause suicide. When experiencing intense emotions, the person will not be able to problem solve. It is not your job to fix their problems. Listen, care, validate and be non-judgmental. Questions to Consider when you’re concerned: • Are you thinking of suicide? • Have you tried to end your life before? • Have you been feeling left out or alone? • Have you been feeling like you’re a burden? • Do you feel isolated and or disconnected? • Are you experiencing the feeling of being trapped? • Has someone close to you recently died by suicide? • How are you thinking of ending your life? • Do you have the means to do this (firearms, drugs, ropes)? • Have you been drinking or taken any drugs or medications? • How have you been sleeping? • Are you feeling more anxious than usual? •Who can we contact that you feel safe and/or comfortable with? For the helper: • Are you noticing or have you noticed any dramatic mood changes? • Changes in work behavior or school attendance/marks dropping? • Does the person seem to be out of touch with reality? What areWarning Signs? Suicide prevention depends heavily on our ability to recognize people who are in distress and may be at risk. The American Association of Suicidology developed a simple tool that we can all use to remember the warning signs of suicide. This tool is called “IS PATH WARM” and outlines the key points to remember. Suicide is preventable. Help is available. There is hope. Know Suicide Warning Signs. Ideation (Suicidal Thoughts) I Substance Abuse S Purposelessness P Anxiety A Trapped T Hopelessness/Helplessness H Withdrawl W Anger A Recklessness R Mood changes M (continued)
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41 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers How to be HelpfulWhen Someone is Having Suicide-RelatedThoughts • Take all threats or attempts seriously • Be aware and learn warning signs of suicide • Be direct and ask if the person is thinking of suicide. If the answer is yes, ask if the person has a plan and what the time line is. • Be non-judgmental and empathic • Do not minimize the feelings expressed by the person • Do not be sworn to secrecy… seek out the support of appropriate professionals • Ask if there is anything you can do • Draw on resources in the person’s network • Do not use clichés or try to debate with the person • In an acute crisis take the person to an emergency room or walk in clinic or call a mobile crisis service if one is available • Do not leave them alone until help is provided • Remove any obvious means (e.g. firearms, drugs or sharp objects) from the immediate vicinity You will find a list of resources where to get help at the back of this book. Source: International Association of Suicide Prevention I’m Concerned About Someone (continued) Sympathy photo created by jcomp - www.freepik.com
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43 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Factors that increase the risk of suicide No single cause can explain or predict suicide.Thoughts of suicide or suicide-related behaviours are a result of a combination of personal, social and cultural factors.The presence of these factors is different from person to person over their lifetime. Factors that may increase the risk of suicide include: • a prior suicide attempt • mental illness like depression • a sense of hopelessness or helplessness o this means that you believe your life or current situation won’t improve • misuse of alcohol or substances • chronic (long-term) physical pain or illness • trauma, for example: o violence o victimization, like bullying o childhood abuse or neglect o suicide by a family member or friend o events that affect multiple generations of your family Other factors that can increase the risk of suicide include: • significant loss, including: o personal (relationships) o social o cultural o financial (job loss) • major life changes or stressors, such as: o unemployment o homelessness o poor physical health or physical illness o the death of a loved one o harassment o discrimination • lack of access to or availability of mental health services • personal identity struggles (sexual, cultural) • lack of support from family, friends or your community • sense of isolation What helps to prevent suicide There are a number of things that can help to guard against suicide, including: • positive mental health and well-being • a sense of hope, purpose, belonging and meaning • social support • healthy self-esteem and confidence in yourself • asking for help if you’re having thoughts of suicide • a sense of belonging and connectedness with your: o family o friends o culture o community Other ways to help protect against risk of suicide include: • a strong identity (personal, sexual, cultural) • access to appropriate mental health services and support • good coping and problem-solving skills, and the ability to adapt to change and new situations • supportive environments where you’re accepted and valued (school, workplace, community) • positive relationships (peers, family, partner) If you’re struggling with your mental health or are worried about someone, you’re not alone. You will find a list of resources where to get help at the back of this book. www.canada.ca
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45 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada Article by Allison Crawford, Published Online September 22, 2016 First Nations in Canada have suicide rates double that of the national average, and Inuit communities tend to have even higher rates. Suicide in these cases has multiple social and individual causes.To date, there are a number of emerging programs in suicide prevention by Indigenous organizations that attempt to integrate Indigenous knowledge with evidence-informed prevention approaches. This article contains sensitive material that may not be suitable for all audiences. In the spring of 2016, Attawapiskat First Nation in Ontario declared a state of emergency after 11 young people tried to end their lives by suicide.The news story made national headlines, but this was not the first or only suicide crisis among Indigenous peoples in Canada in recent years. According toThe Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada, a 2006 report by the Public HealthAgency of Canada, First Nations in Canada have suicide rates double that of the national average, and Inuit communities tend to have even higher rates (six to 11 times the Canadian average). A report from Statistics Canada for the period 2011 to 2016 revealed that the rate among First Nations was three times higher than among the non-Indigenous population; the rate was 1.6 times higher among Métis and nine times higher among Inuit communities. Suicide in these cases has multiple social and individual causes, including social inequity such as poverty and lack of access to healthcare; history of childhood adversity including physical and sexual abuse; historic and ongoing loss of cultural identity; and psychological distress and substance use. Suicide affects not only individuals and Indigenous communities but Canada at large. To date, there are a number of emerging programs in suicide prevention by Indigenous organizations that attempt to integrate Indigenous knowledge with evidence-informed prevention approaches. Rates of Suicidal Behaviour Suicidal behaviours are intentional thoughts and actions aimed at ending one’s life.They generally include thinking about suicide, inflicting self-harm or attempting suicide, which may result in death. In Canada, approximately 11 people die by suicide every day. Suicide is also a global public health problem; in 2012, for example, approximately 804,000 people in the world died by suicide. For young and Indigenous people, the problem is especially pronounced. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death globally for people aged 15 to 29. Indigenous populations in many areas of the world also have the elevated rates of suicide - including inAustralia, New Zealand, Greenland, the United States and Canada. Some First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities in Canada have much higher rates of suicide than the general Canadian population, although it is important to note that some communities have rates that are similar to the national average. Suicide among First Nations youth (aged 15 to 24 years) across Canada is five to six times higher than among non-Indigenous peoples.These elevated rates are seen in males and females, although higher among males.According to a 2000 report by the Canadian Institute of Health, the rate of suicide among First Nation males was 126 per 100,000 (compared to 24 per 100,000 non-Indigenous males), while it was 35 per 100,000 for females (compared to 5 per 100,000 non-Indigenous females). Data from 2011 to 2016 shows an average rate of 29.6 per 100,000 for First Nations males and 19.5 per 100,000 for First Nations females. Recent data gathered by Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami for Inuit living in Northern Canada showed elevated rates in all regions, with Nunatsiavut in Labrador experiencing suicide at rates 25 times higher than the rest of Canada. Rates for Inuit youth in some areas are up to 40 times the national average. It also appears that many Indigenous peoples in Canada think about suicide more often than non-Indigenous Canadians. Nearly one quarter of First Nations people think about suicide at some point in their life.This also applies to Indigenous people living off-reserve; according to Statistics Canada data from 2012, 21 per cent of First Nations men and 26 per cent of First Nations women living off-reserve have suicidal thoughts, compared with 11 per cent of non-Indigenous men and 14 per cent of (continued)
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47 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers non-Indigenous women who had similar thoughts. The 2007-08 Inuit Health Survey also showed that 29 per cent of Inuit have attempted suicide in their lifetime and 48 per cent have thought seriously about suicide. For Métis, thoughts of suicide are higher than non-Indigenous peers, particularly for women. Causes of Elevated Suicide Rates The causes of suicide involve a number of different factors, including social stressors (i.e., stressful life events) and biological, familial, psychological and community factors. (See Figure 1.) Usually, any individual who engages in suicidal behaviour experiences more than one of these factors. Causes of suicide can be separated into protective factors (i.e., conditions or attributes that assist in coping or preventing stresses) including resilience, which can buffer risk for suicide even amidst a great deal of adversity, and distal factors (i.e., predisposing factors), including poverty, genetics or a history of childhood maltreatment. Childhood abuse can cause suicidal behaviours into adulthood, which can be precipitated by certain stressful or tragic events, such as loss. Figure 1. Suicide Risk Factors Risk factors at multiple levels create increased risk for suicide at a community level and can set individuals on pathways of cumulative risk that lead to suicidal behaviour. Individual Risk Factors In the general Canadian population, risk for completed suicide is highest among males, aged 50 to 54 years old, particularly those who have depression, are socially isolated and have chronic medical problems. Psychological autopsies gather information on those who have completed suicide in order to understand these risks. These studies show high rates of mental illness, including depression; misuse of substances, such as alcohol, which can increase impulsive behaviour; and multiple recent stressors, such as loss. Recent evidence demonstrates that there may be two groups of people who engage in suicidal behaviour: a group that is younger than 26 years of age at first attempt and tends to have a history of childhood adversity, including physical and emotional abuse and cannabis misuse; and a group that is older than 26 years of age at first attempt, characterized by depressive disorders. Among Indigenous peoples in Canada, risk for suicide is highest in young people, particularly males. Many of the same risk factors for the general population are related to suicidal behaviour among Indigenous youth, such as depression and substance misuse.There is also evidence of the predisposing risk factors that affect other young people with elevated rates of suicide, especially early developmental adversity, such as trauma and abuse, including childhood sexual abuse.This early adversity can create a pathway of cumulative risk, from legal problems and challenges in relationships, to mental health issues and substance misuse. Access to the means of suicide may further increase risk. Many Indigenous youth who attempt suicide do so by hanging. Firearms are also a frequent means of suicide. It is difficult at times, especially in terms of hanging, to limit access to the materials used in suicide attempts. Social and Historical Factors Attention to individual risks can distract from comprehending the larger social and historical reasons for elevated suicide rates among some Indigenous communities in Canada. Suicide happens in a larger social context and is a marker of social and community distress. There is no evidence that Indigenous groups in Canada have historically elevated rates of suicide within their cultures. This is evident among Inuit, who have seen a steady increase since the 1980s compared, historically, with low rates of suicide. These patterns compel us to look for wider social explanations, such as the colonial context of settling Indigenous populations into reserves and settlements, and governmental policies surrounding education, social welfare, justice and policing.The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, established in 1991, documented the impact of many of these policies, stating: Our central conclusion can be summarized simply: The main policy direction, pursued for more than 150 years, first by colonial then by Canadian governments, has been wrong. Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada (continued) (continued)
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49 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Successive governments have tried - sometimes intentionally, sometimes in ignorance - to absorb Aboriginal people into Canadian society, thus eliminating them as distinct peoples. Policies pursued over the decades have undermined - and almost erased - Aboriginal cultures and identities. Direct consequences of colonial settlement are a decrease in the autonomy of Indigenous peoples and disruption to traditional knowledge, language and ways of life. Preserving or regaining autonomy, language and culture can be protective against suicide within some communities.The First Nations Regional Health Survey (FNRHS), for example, showed that there were lower rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts among those who had intermediate or fluent knowledge of their Indigenous language. In families and communities that have been most impacted, on the other hand, cultural loss resulted in historical trauma that may continue across generations, affecting even younger generations that did not experience these disruptions within their lifetime. Research with the children and grandchildren of residential school survivors, for example, reveals that these generations have a higher incidence of psychological distress and suicidal behaviours compared with their peers whose parents or grandparents did not attend residential school.Traumatic losses of loved ones and exposure to suicide among community members and peers adds to community and family grief, and contributes further risk for suicide among youth. Many of these historical disruptions and abuses have resulted in ongoing social distress, which is compounded by wider socio-economic and health inequities. Social factors, such as income and education, are known to influence the overall health and wellness of people, including their risks for suicide. Indigenous peoples across Canada experience lower educational achievement and income, higher unemployment, food scarcity, poor access to housing and more barriers to accessing health care compared with the general population.These inequities can contribute to higher rates of many medical conditions, such as diabetes and infectious diseases, which, in turn, influence mental wellness. FNRHS found higher rates of depression, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among those who also have a chronic medical illness. It also found that individuals who reported higher levels of stressors, such as low socio-economic status, and being subject to instances of aggression and racism, reported being moderately or highly distressed more often than those who did not. Suicide Intervention and Prevention Addressing the risks for suicide that exist at these multiple levels and that impact both individuals and the community as a whole, requires multi-level approaches that reduce risk and also build in protection and resilience. Suicide prevention and mental wellness require investments beyond mental health care. Given the historical losses that resulted in loss of autonomy for many Indigenous communities, it is of key importance that efforts to address suicide are led by Indigenous peoples and target the community as well as the individual. Prevention and intervention should draw on the values, knowledge, strength and resilience of Indigenous peoples. There is a growing wave of Indigenous youth who prefer to talk of life promotion, focused on building strength and meaning among youth instead of what they perceive as a deficits-based approach to suicide prevention.There are also, however, many emerging programs in suicide prevention by Indigenous organizations that continue to draw on global best-practices in suicide prevention, while integrating those with their own practices and settings, making them more resonant with Indigenous world views. Examples of this include programs led by elders or knowledge keepers, programs that incorporate ceremony and cultural teachings, are led in Indigenous languages, or that occur on the land. Regardless of the approach, most practitioners in this field acknowledge the need to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to add to Indigenous knowledge in this area and to ensure that the most effective solutions are found. One of the most promising areas in suicide prevention by Indigenous groups, both globally and within Canada, is the development of suicide prevention strategies. One of the first national Canadian approaches is the National Inuit Suicide Prevention Strategy developed by Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. There is evidence that suicide prevention strategies themselves reduce suicide through advocacy, focusing resources towards priority areas, integrating services and creating accountability. Indigenous-led strategies can ensure that the focus is specific to the needs and values of the Indigenous group. These strategies can also ensure that a holistic approach is taken, understanding the need to reduce risk and build resilience throughout an individual’s life, while also addressing the wider social context, building equity for all and restoring community autonomy and cohesion. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca Suicide among Indigenous Peoples in Canada (continued)
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