CHILD ABUSE AWARENESS 13th ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE 2020
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1 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers FROM THE PRESIDENT As President of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I am proud to introduce our 13th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Child Abuse Awareness, which focuses on the very serious problem of Child Abuse. This publication is distributed free of charge each year to public facilities including local schools and libraries throughout the province, and will also be available “on line” at the SFPO’s web site www.saskpolice.com, to help educate and promote the public’s role in identifying and reporting this terrible crime. I want to take this time to thank you for your contributions and support. With the generous support of individuals, businesses, and corporations throughout the province, we are able to educate the citizens of the province on Child Abuse Awareness. On behalf of the 1350 members of the SFPO, we appreciate your continued support in the province of Saskatchewan. Thank you for continuing to work together to build safe communities throughout Saskatchewan. Casey Ward President Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Proceeds from our 13th Annual Crime Prevention Guide project have allowed the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers to make a $10,000 donation to Kids Help Phone to support Child Abuse Awareness and to help educate and promote the public’s role in identifying and reporting this terrible crime. Members of the Regina Police Service posing with a $10,000 donation cheque for Kids Help Phone in April 2021. SFPO supports Kids Help Phone
2 Child Abuse Awareness Board of Directors President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Casey Ward Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taylor Elder Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean Pringle Director – Regina Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colin Glas Director – Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harry Leroux Director – Moose Jaw Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chris Flanagan Director – Prince Albert Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Josh Peterson Director – Estevan Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kevin Reed Director – Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darcy Cleasby Director – Saskatoon Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patrick Nogier Director – Regina Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darcy Koch Executive Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bernie Eiswirth 306.539.0960 - www.saskpolice.com Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers - twitter.com/saskfed PO Box 26116, Regina, SK S4R 8R7 The Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers represents over 1,300 police personnel from six municipalities in Saskatchewan: Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Weyburn and Estevan. The SFPO is comprised of 8 police associations from each of those cities including senior officer associations in Regina and Saskatoon.
3 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers FROM THE PUBLISHER “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.” On behalf of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and every contributor to our Annual Telephone Appeal, allowing this unique publication to be distributed to schools, libraries and public facilities and also available online at saskpolice.com, making it easily accessible to everyone. The SFPO publishes an Annual Crime Prevention Guide to educate the public on important community concerns. This 13th Annual Crime Prevention Guide targets Child Abuse Awareness to help educate and promote the public’s role in identifying and reporting this terrible crime. This publication is made possible as a result of financial contributions from residents and business representatives throughout the province. With their generous support for the activities of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, the SFPO is also able to give back to their communities through donations to various local charities and programs for youth, such as their recent generous donation to KIDS HELP PHONE to help young people who are struggling to cope. We welcome comments or suggestions regarding these publications and always look forward to speaking with you each year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, Mark T. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services
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5 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 13th Annual Community Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the SFPO President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SFPO Supports Kids Help Phone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Publisher’s Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 SFPO in the Community - Blast from the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Prince Albert Police Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 What is Child Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Physical Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Child Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Sexual Abuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Emotional Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 When a Parent Abducts Their Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Violence based on So-called Honour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Underage and Forced Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Signs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Who Can Help? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Effects of Child Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Defining Child Abuse - A Child Who May Be in Need of Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Reporting and Investigating Child Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 What to Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Roles and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Kids Help Phone 101. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Wants versus Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Abuse in the Home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 How to Identify a Safe Adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10 Places to Go if You Don’t Feel Safe at Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Violence Prevention Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Family Violence Quiz (Questions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Family Violence Quiz (Answers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Child Protection Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 How Can I Stop Child Abuse and Neglect? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Where to Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Need Help But Don’t Know Where to Start? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 ADVERTISERS’ INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 CHILD ABUSE AWARENESS
6 Child Abuse Awareness Office 306.359.5446 Toll Free 1.877.655.7656 Fax 306.559.2889 2510 13th Avenue Regina, SK S4P 0W2 Our areas of practice are as follows: Family Law Criminal Law Real Estate Law Aboriginal Law Civil Law Employment Law Notarial Services Wills & Estates RWDSU RETAIL WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT STORE UNION Regina 1233 Winnipeg Street S4R 1K1 Phone: 306-569-9311 Fax: 306-569-9521 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-747-9378 UNION MEMBERSHIP PAYS HIGH DIVIDENDS FOR A BETTER FUTURE - JOIN R.W.D.S.U. Fairness in the workplace Saskatoon 2154 Airport Drive S7L 6M6 Phone: 306-384-9885 Fax: 306-384-1006 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-717-9378 Such Things as: • Higher Wages • Fair Treatment • Job Security • Democratic Decision Making • Proper Scheduling • Better Health and Safety Procedures • Sick Leave • Proper Grievance Procedures • Family Dental Plan • Experienced Staff Working for You • Improved Vacation • Good Pension www.papolice.ca
7 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Swift Current Fire Fighters 236 Chaplin St E Swift Current, SK S9H 5B2 306.778.2760 Swift Current Fire Fighters are proud to support our police “Specializing in TOUGH CORING Conditions” Bud Chisholm (306) 270-4894 Bus. (306) 975-1523
8 Child Abuse Awareness Blast From The Past The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges and restrictions on community activities and events around the world. While we have all had to maintain our distance and reduce social gatherings to help slow the spread of COVID-19, we at the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers look forward to seeing you again at our community events in the, hopefully, near future. We hope you’re all staying safe and well! Here are some highlights from some of our past community events. We are so proud to be part of the communities we serve!
9 Blast From The Past Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
10 Child Abuse Awareness 104 Burrows Avenue West Melfort, SK S0E 1A0 Ph: 306-752-4950 Fax: 306-752-4937 Proudly building Saskatchewan for over 50 years! LIUNA Labourers’ Local 180 1866 McAra Street Regina, SK S4N 6C4 (306) 525-2336 www.local180.ca REGINA, SK 588 Local ATU Local 588, which consists of Transit Operators, Maintenance and Clerical Staff, is proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Annual Crime Prevention Guide.
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 11 Blast From The Past
12 Child Abuse Awareness Journaling and writing can be healing. Find out how by joining the SWG. Visit us at www.skwriter.com to learn more! A home for your voice. Dr. Greg Konotopetz 3291 Quance Street Regina, SK S4V 3B7 (306) 584-2833 www.signaturesmiles.ca
Blast From The Past 13 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
14 Child Abuse Awareness Representing over 14,000 Health Care Workers in Saskatchewan. CUPE recognizes the seriousness of Mental Health, Suicide Prevention, PTSD, Drug Addiction, Alcoholism and all other challenges people face, on a daily basis, in our community. CUPE LOCAL 5430 1651 Park Street, Regina, SK, S4N 5A2 COPE/342 Working together to protect our children. If you suspect abuse, please report it.
PRINCEALBERT POLICEASSOCIATION 2020 was a challenging year for our community and for our members. While our members continued to be involved in the community through volunteering, coaching and other initiatives, COVID-19 definitely made 2020 different than any year in recent memory. The Association was still able to provide donations to our community throughout the year. Here are a couple examples of PAPA giving back to their community. In the Community Normally, PAPA members enter a team in the KidSport event raising funds to provide financial support for children to play organized sport in Canada. In 2020, organizer Dwight Bergstrom was raising money and challenged that if he reached his goal of $4,000 he would spend the night on a scissor lift. The PAPA donated $500 and Mr. Bergstrom raised over $10,000 and spent the night on the scissor lift. Each year the PAPA take part in a 4x100 relay race to raise money for the Terry Fox Foundation. The PAPA regained the trophy in 2020. One night in early Summer 2020, members of B Shift participated in a neighborhood basketball game with members of the community. 15 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
16 Child Abuse Awareness Box 4466 Regina, SK S4P 3W7 (306) 522-4228 thatstorageplace.ca
17 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers WEYBURN POLICEASSOCIATION WPA teamed up with Weyburn Dairy Queen and purchased all birthday cakes purchased over a few days. Customers were surprised and happy to receive their cake with a letter from WPA advising them their cake was already paid for! Left to right: Dairy Queen owner Shane Damnann and WPA member Darcy Cleasby. In August 2019, Weyburn Police Association (WPA) hosted its 3rd Annual Golf Tournament, raising $5,000 which was donated to the Weyburn Youth Center. Left to right: Brian Hopfe accepting the donation from WPA members Alyssa Kaczmar and Darcy Cleasby. WPA put on its annual Magic Variety Show which it has been doing for more than 30 years. With the help of the Weyburn Girl Guides, it was an amazing show and the house was packed. Pictured are Weyburn Girl Guides, WPA member Kalin Wiebe and Jonathon Kerr as well as the Acts from the 2019 Magic Variety Show. Left to right: Chris Lopez, Charles Chesterfield and Kel at the 2019 Magic Variety Show. TheWPA appreciates the support from the community and the surrounding area and look forward to giving back. Thank you for the support from yourWeyburn Police Association Weyburn Police Association donated and installed a car seat after a referral from Victim Services.
saskatchewan.ca/COVID19 COVID-19 DON’T LET YOUR GUARD DOWN. COVID-19 is our new normal... You deserve the best. AccessSmart Wi-Fi + TiVo Only with AccessInternet + TV FREE for 4 months! some conditions apply myaccess.ca C010 Sask Federation of Police Officers Ad_3.375x4.735.indd 1 2021-01-29 8:48 AM 18 Child Abuse Awareness Save your concrete, brick, metal or wood from environmental damage. Thank you to our Saskatchewan Police and First Responders
19 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers What is child abuse? Jack wrapped his fingers tighter around his granddaughter’s small hand as they entered the old medical centre. It took courage to make this appointment, but Jack knew they needed the social worker’s help. Little Ella and her brother had come to stay with her grandparents for a few weeks over the summer. They had all looked forward to the special visit, thinking it would be great for the kids to have lots of room to run and play. But the two children seemed distant and mostly played their computer games. Ella’s frequent nightmares quickly became a concern. Every loud noise seemed to make the little girl jump. Jack had set about earning Ella’s trust, bit by bit.When the vacation had come to an end, she had hid in the closet and refused to leave.Through Ella’s tears, Jack had learned that her parents were always fighting. Her father often pushed her mother and she in turn often threw things at him.There was lots of yelling. Ella thought it was all her fault and that if she went back something bad would happen. Jack’s heart ached at the thought of his daughter and his grandchildren enduring this kind of life. He didn’t like the idea of interfering, but he knew the children’s safety and well-being had to come first. He hoped it wasn’t too late for some counselling to help. Maybe his daughter and her husband could still turn things around and make a better home for the kids. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Child abuse includes physical, sexual and emotional abuse. It also includes neglect, and any violence that children see or hear in their families.The person who abuses the child can be: • a parent; • a brother or sister; • another relative; • a caregiver; • a guardian; • a teacher; or • another professional or volunteer who works with children (for example, a doctor or coach). Abuse may take place in a child’s home, or it may happen in other places, like other people’s homes, schools, community centres or places of worship. Sometimes the child’s parents lived abuse as a child, such as in the residential schools many Indigenous peoples were forced to attend. Abuse that someone lived as a child, whether it happened in their home or outside of it, may change the way they parent their own children as abuse is often a learned behaviour. This booklet deals with child abuse in the family. In Canada, there are federal, provincial and territorial laws to protect children from abuse. Some types of abuse are crimes and are listed in the Criminal Code, which is a federal law. Federal laws are laws that apply across Canada. Even if the abuse is not a crime under the Criminal Code, provincial and territorial laws could be used to stop the abuse. Child abuse can cause long-term health problems. Every child deserves protection from abuse.
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21 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Physical abuse Rick sat alone in the hospital coffee shop. He needed some time alone to calm his nerves. He had just made the call to Child Protection Services. He couldn’t believe he had taken this step. But his son Jason was waiting for an X-ray upstairs in the children’s section of the hospital to see if his arm was broken.And the doctor was clearly worried about how Jason had gotten his injuries. She had asked a lot of questions about the bruises on Jason’s wrists and face. Jason wouldn’t say much about what had happened at his mother’s place, except that his stepfather had locked him in his room for a long time.The boy’s new stepfather didn’t seem to like the boy very much. Rick felt his stomach clench. He knew that there was a lot at stake here. Rick’s ex-wife, Cathy, had mostly ignored her son Jason the first few years after the divorce.When she had finally started to take Jason for the weekends after she re-married, it had seemed like a new start for all of them. However, before long, Jason had stopped wanting to go over to his mother’s. Rick had thought it was just part of adjusting to the new family situation. He had felt sure that Cathy would never let any harm come to their son. Now that Rick knew that Cathy’s husband was abusing Jason, he knew he needed to protect his son. Also, there were other children living in that home.They must have witnessed the violence – they must be afraid that this could happen to them too. Everyone deserves a chance to get some help. What does it look like? Physical abuse is the intentional use of force against a child. It can cause physical pain, injury, or injury that may last a lifetime.This type of abuse includes: • pushing or shoving; • hitting, slapping or kicking; • strangling or choking; • pinching or punching; • biting; • burning; • throwing an object at a child; and • excessive or violent shaking. All of these acts are crimes in Canada. What can I do? Every province and territory has a law that says that any person who believes a child is being abused must report it. You will not get in trouble for making the report if you have reason to believe a child is being abused, even if it turns out you were wrong. For more information about the child protection laws, see Child Protection Services under “Who can help?” on page 45. If you know a child who is being physically abused, call your local police. In an emergency, call 9-1-1. If you have harmed your child, or think you might harm your child, get help. Here are some things you can do: • Call your local child protection services. • Talk to a social worker, counselor or teacher. • Call your local help line. • Call the police. • In an emergency, call 9-1-1. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada.
22 Child Abuse Awareness PO Box 1426, North Battleford SK S9A 3M1 (306) 445-4149 Proud to support SFPO Activities Suite 2610 421 7th Avenue SW Calgary AB T2P 4K9 (306) 753-2466
23 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers (continued) Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. (continued) The law on assault in the Criminal Code The Criminal Code outlines most crimes in Canada. It says that assaulting someone or threatening to assault someone is a crime.Touching someone without their consent can be an assault, even if it doesn’t harm them. Under the law, assault can include: • slapping; • punching; • pinching; • kicking; • confining; • restraining; or • unwanted touching. However, not every action where one person hits another person is assault. And not every threat of contact is assault. People may give their consent to contact. For example, hockey players may body check each other without it being a crime. This is because they have given their consent to physical contact within the rules of the sport. Also, section 43 of the Criminal Code can give parents and caregivers a defence to a charge of assault in limited cases if they use reasonable force. Section 43 of the Criminal Code says that parents and caregivers who use reasonable force to correct a child’s behaviour may not be found guilty of assault. But section 43 is not a defence for every use of force against a child. Parents or caregivers may only use reasonable force to correct or protect the child. For example, a parent may use reasonable force to put a child in their room for a time out or to pull a child away from traffic. A person who has physically or sexually abused a child cannot use section 43 as a defence. What does work? What does work is to build your child’s confidence and problem-solving skills. It is important to figure out the reasons for your child’s behaviour.When you understand the reason for your child’s behaviour, it may be easier to handle the situation without losing your temper. Ways to help your child behave well: • Create a loving and respectful home. • Be a good role model. • Focus on prevention. • Decide what is truly important and have a few clear and consistent rules. • Tell your child what you expect. • Praise your child’s efforts, even if they’re not perfect. • Respect your child’s need to express their emotions. • Listen to your child’s thoughts, ideas and concerns. •Watch your child closely so you can redirect behaviour before it gets worse. • Make sure that you both get enough sleep. • Make sure that you both eat nutritious food regularly and exercise. • Last but not least, try to have fun with your child.
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25 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Child discipline What does it look like? All children need their parents to teach them how to behave. Children need time to learn what they should and should not do.They learn to behave by: • watching their parents and other people; • getting clear instructions; and • being praised and encouraged for their efforts. The right kind of discipline teaches children responsibility, self-control, and right from wrong. It raises the child’s self-esteem, encourages the child to do better and strengthens the parent-child bond. Parents should never discipline children until the children are old enough to understand it. Why doesn’t spanking work? Experts say that spanking is not an effective form of discipline. Spanking can make children angry and resentful. It can cause them to lose trust in their parents. It teaches children that hitting others is okay. In the long run, spanking can make children’s behaviour worse. (continued) Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Lori quietly wept over the sink, just staring at the afternoon dishes. Her hands were still shaking. She couldn’t believe how close she had just come to total disaster. She had only asked Kaila to pick up her toys! But when Kaila had thrown them all down the stairs, Lori had spun out of control. She was just so tired of the toddler’s tantrums. Lori knows Kaila is still young, but why can’t she learn to pick up things like her friends already do? It was seeing the cell phone in pieces among the broken toys that had made her start yelling.Where were they going to get the money to replace that? In an instant, she had slapped Kaila really hard. And the next thing she knew, Kaila had lost her balance at the top of the stairs.What was she thinking when she did that? Was she crazy? If Lori hadn’t grabbed her, Kaila would have fallen all the way down, just like her dolls. Lori began to sob. She loved Kaila, but everything seemed so hard these days with Roy out of work. She always feels like she’s failing, especially when it comes to Kaila. She’s got to stop doing things like this before something really bad happens. Kaila could have been seriously hurt! And she supposed that hitting Kaila like that could be considered an assault. Maybe she could check the Internet to find a parenting class or support group: there must be others like her going through this.
26 Child Abuse Awareness Merv Gawryluik, Manager 1-1013 Welling’s Road RM of Sherwood, SK S4K 0A2 Phone: (306) 721-1910 Fax: (306) 721-2112 Cell: (306) 536-0166 E-mail: [email protected] 88 Saskatchewan Street East, Moose Jaw SK S6H 0V4 1 (800) 329-1479 Loans Advice Support 2337 Millar Avenue, Saskatoon, SK S7K 2Y3 Jamie Blunden Chief of Police OPTIMISE BRAIN FUNCTION Neuropsychological & QEEG Assessment, Neurotherapy Dr. D’Arcy Helmer & Associates - Innergy Comprehensive Limited www.InnergyComprehensive.ca [email protected] Phone: (306) 244-2353 Fax: (306) 244-2537
27 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers The Supreme Court of Canada decision In 2004, the Supreme Court of Canada looked at section 43.The Court decided that a parent or guardian who uses force to correct a child can only use it in the following ways: • The person may only use force to correct a child if it will help the child learn.The person can never use force in anger. • The child must be between two-years old and twelve-years old. (This means that section 43 is not a defence if the child is younger than two or older than twelve). • The person can only use reasonable force and its impact can only be “transitory and trifling.” (This means that the force causes little or no pain, and does not leave marks on the child). • The person must not use an object, such as a ruler or belt, to apply the force. • The person must not hit or slap the child’s face or head. • The seriousness of what happened or what the child did is not relevant to how much force is used in discipline. It may be acceptable for a person to use reasonable force to restrain a child in some circumstances. For example, you may need to hold your child down to put them in a car seat. It is not considered reasonable for you to hit a child in anger or to get back at the child for something the child did. It is against the law to hit a child in anger. The use of force when managing children’s behaviour There are times when you may have to use force to control a child and keep the child, or other children, safe. For example, you may need to touch or restrain a child to keep the child from running across the street. Or you may need to carry a screaming three-year old out of a store. Without section 43, parents and caregivers could face criminal charges and might have to go to court to defend their actions whenever they use force to respond to a child’s behaviour. If you are angry, however, find some way to cool down before you manage your child’s behaviour. (continued) (continued) Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada.
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29 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Provincial and territorial child protection laws Even if the way you discipline your child is not a crime, it could still be abuse.The provinces and territories also have laws to protect children from abuse. These laws allow the provincial or territorial government to step in when a child needs to be protected from abuse or neglect. What can I do? Every province and territory has a law that says any person who believes a child is being abused must report it. You will not get in trouble for making the report if you have reason to believe a child is being abused, even if it turns out you were wrong. Depending on where you live, this could be your local child protection office or the police. If you have harmed your child, or think you might harm your child, get help. Here are some places you can go for help: • your family doctor or public health nurse; • family resource centres; • local child protection services; • local public health department; • parenting programs; • parenting resources, like booklets; or • organizations that help immigrants and newcomers. See page 45 for “Who can help?” (continued) Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Need help but don’t know where to start? 211 can help. It’s free and confidential. CALL: 211
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31 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers What does it look like? All sexual contact with anyone without consent is a crime called sexual assault. This includes sexual touching.The Criminal Code contains many offences that protect children from sexual abuse, which happens when a person takes advantage of a child for sexual purposes. It does not always involve physical contact with a child. For example, it could happen when an adult invites a child to touch herself or himself sexually or attempts to lure a child over the Internet for sexual purposes. Sexual contact between an adult and a child under 16 is a crime. In Canada, the general age of consent to sexual activity is 16 years, but there are some exceptions if the other person is close in age to the child. The age of consent is 18 years in some circumstances, for example, where the sexual activity takes place in a relationship of trust, dependency or authority or where the relationship is exploitative of the child.A person of authority or trust could be a parent, step-parent, grandparent, older sibling, teacher or coach. What can I do? If you know a child who is being sexually abused, report it to the police immediately. In an emergency, call 9-1-1. Teach your children about personal safety and how they can stay safe. For more information, please see “10 places to go if you don’t feel safe at home” at the back of this book. Every province and territory has a law that says that any person who believes a child is being abused must report it.You will not get in trouble for making the report if you have reason to believe a child is being abused, even if it turns out you were wrong. If you have questions about how to recognize child sexual abuse, here are some things you can do: • Call your local child protection services. • Talk to a nurse, social worker, doctor or teacher. • Call the police. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Kate watched the kids climb the play structure in the late autumn sunshine. It was good to see Michael laughing again and joining in the games. Her heart went out to him.The last year had been so difficult.When he had first come to her pre-school daycare, she had thought of Michael as shy and quiet. However, after a while, she had started to wonder if something was going on. Little remarks he had made suggested he knew more about sex than most kids his age.When some of the children had told her that Michael was touching their private parts, she had started to worry. But when Michael also complained that it hurt to go to the bathroom, she had quickly put two and two together. Kate had known right away that she had a duty to report the situation, even if she was worried about where it might all lead.What would it mean for Michael? And for his family? Even for her business? In the end, the authorities had discovered Michael’s uncle had sexually abused both Michael and his older brother. The investigation was hard for the family and for everyone involved. But the children were safe now and receiving counselling. She feels a lot of hope for Michael. She believes that he will learn to feel good about himself again and build a new sense of trust. Sexual abuse
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33 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Nora knew she had to speak to her sister, Irene, again. She could see that Irene’s son Patrick was always on edge. His father, Sean, showed little interest in Patrick, except to criticize him.When it came to Patrick, the words “stupid” and “weakling” slid easily off Sean’s tongue. Nothing Patrick could do would meet his father’s standards. His school grades weren’t high enough, his hockey game was poor, and his friends were lazy. On the other hand, their older son, Ryan, received nothing but praise. Nora wondered why her sister went along with this. Maybe Irene was too busy trying to meet her husband’s expectations herself to see what was going on with her son. Patrick was either invisible or a problem. No wonder he was still wetting the bed! Nora had spoken to Irene, but her sister had quickly changed the subject.“It’s not that serious,” she had said.“Patrick needs to be tougher.” Nora wondered how she could find the right words to break through to Irene. She had picked up some pamphlets about child abuse at the community centre. Perhaps she could use them to start a conversation about their own father’s harsh behaviour. Maybe if Irene could remember the pain of that old abuse, she could find the strength to get some help for herself and for Patrick. Emotional abuse What does it look like? Emotional abuse happens when a person uses words or actions to control, frighten, isolate, or take away a child’s self-respect and sense of worth. Emotional abuse is sometimes called psychological abuse. It can include: • putting a child down or humiliating a child; • constantly criticizing a child; • constantly yelling at a child; • threatening to harm a child or others; • keeping a child from seeing their family or friends without good reason; or • threatening to move a child out of their home. Some forms of emotional abuse are crimes in Canada, including: • threatening to harm a child; • threatening to harm another person; • threatening to destroy the child’s personal property; • threatening to hurt the child’s pet; • harassing the child on the telephone; • deliberately intimidating a child; and • advising a child to commit suicide. Other forms of emotional abuse are not crimes, but they are still very serious. The provinces and territories also have laws that protect children from emotional abuse.These laws protect children even if the type of abuse is not a crime. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. (continued)
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35 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Children who see or hear family violence Children can also suffer emotional abuse from seeing or hearing violence between other family members. Even if they don’t see or hear the violence, they can be affected by seeing the results of the violence. It can be very hard for children to see or hear family violence even if they are not being physically hurt themselves.They will probably feel scared and insecure. What can I do? Every province and territory has a law that says that any person who believes a child is being abused must report it.You will not get in trouble for making the report if you have reason to believe a child is being abused, even if it turns out you were wrong. If you believe that a child you know is being emotionally abused, you can: • Call your local child protection services. • Talk to a public health nurse, doctor, social worker or teacher. • Call your local help line. (continued) Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Need help but don’t know where to start? 211 can help. It’s free and confidential. CALL: 211 You do not have to give your name or personal details to ask for information.
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37 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Neglect What does it look like? Neglect happens when a parent or guardian fails to meet a child’s basic needs. Sometimes parents neglect their children on purpose. Sometimes parents don’t mean to neglect their children, but they have so many problems themselves that they can’t look after their children properly. Neglect can include: • not giving a child proper food or warm clothing; • not providing a child with a safe and warm place to live; • not making sure a child washes regularly; • not providing enough health care or medicine; • not paying any attention to a child’s emotional needs; • not preventing physical harm; and • not making sure a child is supervised properly. Sometimes, neglect can hurt just as much as physical abuse. Some forms of neglect are crimes in Canada. For example, failing to provide the necessaries of life and child abandonment are crimes.The provinces and territories also have laws to protect children from neglect. These laws protect children even if the type of abuse is not a crime. What can I do? Every province and territory has a law that says that any person who believes a child is being abused must report it. You will not get in trouble for making the report if you have reason to believe a child is being abused, even if it turns out you were wrong. If you believe that a child you know is being neglected you can: • Call your local child protection services. • Call the police. • Talk to a public health nurse, doctor, social worker or teacher. • Call your local help line. • In an emergency, call 9-1-1. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Nikhita shivered as she removed her winter coat and wrapped it around little Olivia. She turned the car heater to high as she helped the seven year-old into her car and called 9-1-1 on her cell phone. Nikhita had stayed into the evening at the school to mark exams. It had been snowing for hours when she came out, so she was shocked to find her young student huddled beside her car in the parking lot.The girl’s hair and sweater were glistening with snow. Her voice was barely a whisper when she told Nikhita that no one was at home and her house was locked. No, she didn’t know where her parents were. Olivia had only been at the school for a month, but Nikhita had already expressed her concern about the girl to the principal. She looked tired all the time and rarely brought a lunch to school. Now that it was winter, it was clear that she didn’t have a winter coat or winter boots.The other kids had sensed Olivia was unprotected and taken to teasing her. Nikhita knew the principal had tried calling the girl’s parents, but hadn’t got through. Clearly, the time had come for stronger measures. It would be up to the police to figure out what was going on at home.This kind of neglect was too much. Olivia and her family needed help. Nikhita put her arm around the little girl to keep them both warm as they waited for the ambulance to arrive.
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39 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Most abducted children are taken by someone the child knows.The person who takes them is most often a parent. Parental child abduction happens when one parent takes a child without either the legal right or the permission of the other parent. Parental child abduction is a crime in Canada. An exception may apply when a parent takes the child to protect them from immediate harm. What to do if you are afraid the other parent may abduct your child: • Contact a lawyer. • Contact your local police. • Keep records of all important information about your child and store it in a safe place. • Keep a copy of your parenting or custody order or agreement with you. • Ask your local passport office to add your child’s name to the Passport Control List. If your children are citizens of another country, contact that embassy or consulate to ask them to refuse passports for your children. • Talk to your child about using the phone and explain how your parenting or custody order or agreement works if you are separated or divorced. • If it is safe to do so, try to maintain good relations with the other parent and any extended family. • Keep photos, recordings or other proof of the family violence. If your child is abducted: • Contact your local police immediately. • If you are out of the country, make sure to report the disappearance to the federal government’s Consular Services at 613-996-8885.You may call collect, where available. • If you are inside Canada and you think your child is outside Canada, call the federal government’s Consular Services at 1-800-387-3124 (TTY 613-944-1310 or 1-800-394-3472) or go to https://travel.gc.ca/. • Contact a child search organization in your province or territory and register your child as missing. What can I do? For more information: • Visit the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) site at www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca and search for “Our Missing Children.” • Visit the Global Affairs Canada website at https://travel.gc.ca, and look under “Publications” for a booklet called “International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left Behind Parents” Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. When a parent abducts their child
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41 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Violence based on “honour” happens when family members use violence to protect family honour.The victim is usually female.The victim has behaved in ways that the family believes will bring shame or dishonour. For example, the family might not approve of: • dating or talking to boys; • having sexual relationships outside of marriage; • wearing what they believe is the wrong clothing; or • refusing a forced marriage. The family members believe that using violence will bring back the family’s reputation.The types of violence the family uses can include: • beatings; • forced confinement; • threats; • counselling suicide; and • killing. These actions are crimes. If you know a child who is afraid for their safety because of family honour, contact the police. Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Violence based on so-called honour Need help but don’t know where to start? 211 can help. It’s free and confidential. CALL: 211
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43 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Reproduced from the Department of Justice publication Child Abuse is Wrong: What Can I Do? without affiliation or endorsement of the Government of Canada. Marriage in Canada Canadian requirements for a valid marriage include that: • Both people getting married must give their free and enlightened consent to the marriage. • Both must be at least 16 years old. • Neither of them can be married to anyone else. Forced marriage A forced marriage occurs when a person does not want to marry, but is made to marry by someone else. It is not the same as an arranged marriage, where both people consent to the marriage. Family members might believe that the marriage is the right thing for the person and for the family. Sometimes they will even use physical violence, threats of violence, abduction, forced confinement or emotional abuse to force someone to marry. But forcing someone to marry against their will is a crime in Canada. It is also a crime to take a person under 18 years of age out of Canada to force them to marry in another country. Some tactics used to force a person to marry are also crimes - for example, threats and violence. Underage and forced marriage If you or someone you know is being forced to marry, tell someone you trust or contact the police or a social worker.You may want to ask them about applying for a peace bond to prevent the marriage from taking place. You can also call the police if you suspect that you or someone you know will be taken out of Canada and forced to marry in another country.You can find more information on steps you can take to protect yourself from being forced into marriage on Global Affairs Canada’s forced marriage webpage or by calling 1-800-387-3124.That webpage also has a directory of services that may include places to get help in your province or territory. Underage marriage Canadian law requires anyone getting married to be 16 years old or over. This minimum age also applies to anyone who is ordinarily resident in Canada where the marriage takes place outside Canada, in person or by telephone or proxy. It is a crime in Canada to celebrate, aid or participate in the marriage of a child who is under 16 years of age, even if the child agrees to be married. It is also a crime to take a child under 16 who (continued)
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