MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS 2018
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 1 The Government of Saskatchewan is pleased to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers’ (SFPO) Annual Crime Prevention Guide. Proceeds from this publication will be used to support improvements in law enforcement and community-based programs, including Child Find Sask and Canadian Mental Health Association Saskatchewan. This year’s guide is focused on mental health awareness, including issues such as suicide prevention, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), drug addiction, alcoholism and other important mental health challenges. As first responders, police officers encounter a variety of situations with the potential of having a mental health component that must be considered. Our government recognizes the challenges faced by our police services and has made the largest investment in mental health and addictions services in Saskatchewan history. We know that there is still more work to be done, and will continue to work with our partners to improve access to mental health services. The Government of Saskatchewan commends the more than 1,300 SFPO members from Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Weyburn and Estevan. The SFPO continues to make recommendations to the Saskatchewan Police Commission and is committed to providing support to our communities. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the SFPO for their valuable work in maintaining safe and secure communities for Saskatchewan residents. Scott Moe Premier PREM I ER OF SASKATCHEWAN LEGISLATIVE BUILDING REGINA, CANADA S4S 0B3 2019 Crime Prevention Guide
2 Mental Health Awareness Board of Directors President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Casey Ward Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taylor Elder Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taylor Mickleborough Director – Regina Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colin Glas Director – Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harry Leroux Director – Moose Jaw Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chris Flanagan Director – Prince Albert Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darryl Hickie Director – Estevan Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evan Handley Director – Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Darcy Cleasby Director – Saskatoon Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patrick Nogier Director – Regina Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brent Ermel Executive Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bernie Eiswirth 306.539.0960 - www.saskpolice.com Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers - twitter.com/saskfed PO Box 26116, Regina, SK S4R 8R7 The Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers represents over 1,300 police personnel from six municipalities in Saskatchewan: Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Weyburn and Estevan. The SFPO is comprised of 8 police associations from each of those cities including senior officer associations in Regina and Saskatoon.
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 3 FROMTHE PRESIDENT As President of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I am proud to introduce our 11th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Mental Health Awareness. On behalf of the 1350 members of the SFPO we appreciate your continued support in the province of Saskatchewan. Mental health affects us all. Our front-line officers continue to deal with a high volume of mental health issues each shift they work. The police are always looking at innovative ways to address the issue of mental health. Police have formed PACT (Police and Crisis Teams) throughout the province to help deal with this current trend. Trained police are teamed up with crisis workers to attend to people in crisis to assist in connecting these individuals with the appropriate resources. Along with PACT, Police Officers receive enhanced mental health training throughout the province. This starts at the Saskatchewan Police College where recruits are trained in various crisis and mental health scenarios. Police Officers deal with members of the public daily in relation to mental health calls for service. Although we need to continue to support the members of our community, we cannot forget about the mental health of our members. The SFPO continues to work with the Chiefs in the province to ensure that our members’ well-being is taken care of. The SFPO continues to host the Annual SFPO Wellness Conference and this year marks the 5th anniversary of the conference hosted by Estevan Police Service. I want to take this time to thank you for your contributions and support. With the generous support of individuals, businesses and corporations throughout the province, we are able to educate the citizens of the province on some of the key issues of mental health. Thank you for continuing to work together to build safe communities throughout Saskatchewan. Casey Ward President Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 5 FROMTHE PUBLISHER “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.” On behalf of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and every contributor to our Annual Telephone Appeal, allowing this unique publication to be distributed to schools, libraries and public facilities and also available online at saskpolice.com, making it easily accessible to everyone. The Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers publishes these Annual Crime Prevention Guides to educate the public on important community concerns. This 11th Annual Crime Prevention Guide targets the very serious problem of Mental Health Awareness, including Suicide Prevention, PTSD, alcohol and drug addiction and many other important mental health issues. This publication is made possible as a result of financial contributions from residents and business representatives throughout the province. With their generous support for the activities of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, SFPO is also able to give back to their communities through donations to various local charities and programs for youth. Your comments or suggestions regarding these publications are always welcome and we look forward to speaking with you each year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, Mark T. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 7 11th Annual Community Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the Premier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Message from the SFPO President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Publisher’s Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SFPO made a $5,000 donation to the Canadian Mental Health Association - SK Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Moose Jaw Police Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Regina Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 211 Saskatchewan. Information when you need it, where you live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 What Are Mental Illnesses? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 What Are the Risk Factors for Mental Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Let’s Talk About Stigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ten Ways to Boost Your Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Stigma and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6 Reasons to Work for Mental Health Parity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Ending the Health Care Disparity in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Anxiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Depression and Bipolar Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Symptoms of PTSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 How Can I Help a Loved One? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 First Responder, Trauma and PTSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Work-Related PTSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Top Five Institutions for PTSD-Related Diagnoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Preventing Suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Suicide in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Fast Facts About Mental Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Transforming Mental Health for Children and Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Concurrent Mental Illness and Substance Use Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Facts You Might Not Know About Sleep and Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5 Tips for a Better Sleep Tonight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Mindfulness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Take Care of Your Mental Health on the Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Create Your Own Workplace Wellness Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 The Mental Health Benefits of Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Sask. online therapy program for mental health, pain management expands after $600K funding increase . . . . . 101 ADVERTISERS’ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Mental Health Services - Outpatient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 24/7 Help Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS
8 Mental Health Awareness Discover Yorkton’s #1 Entertainment Destination! Book your next event with us! Slots Table Games Restaurant Bar & Deli Live Entertainment Event Centre Free Shuttle Service 510 Broadway St. West, Yorkton, SK S3N 0P3 (306) 786.6777 | PaintedHandCasino.ca Hours: Sunday - Tuesday: 9AM - 3AM Wednesday - Saturday: 9AM - 4AM
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 9 CMHA SK is a volunteer-based organization which supports and promotes the rights of persons with mental illness to maximize their full potential; and promotes and enhances the mental health and well-being of all members of the community. CMHA SK is one of the oldest and largest community-based human services organizations in Saskatchewan. They are proud to be part of CMHA National, connecting them with branches all across Canada. Their purpose is to: • fight to reduce the stigma of mental illness through public education • provide educational opportunities to help the public understand mental health issues • provide services to schools, communities and individuals promoting Mental Health for everyone • advocate for consumers of mental health services. Proceeds from this 11th Annual Crime Prevention Guide allowed the SFPO to make a $5,000.00 donation to the Canadian Mental Health Association – SK Division. Left to right: Julius Brown, of OSI Can CMHA – SK, accepting a $5,000 donation from Casey Ward, SFPO President.
10 Mental Health Awareness • Excavators • Dozer • Backhoe • Bobcat Loader • Trucking Service • Site Preparation • Lot Grading • Culvert Installation • Demolition • Snow Removal • Topsoil • Gravel • Fill Dirt • Hydrovac Excavations • Sea Container Storage Experts in the Art of Excavation Specializing in Concrete Demolition RWDSU RETAIL WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT STORE UNION Regina 1233 Winnipeg Street S4R 1K1 Phone: 306-569-9311 Fax: 306-569-9521 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-747-9378 UNION MEMBERSHIP PAYS HIGH DIVIDENDS FOR A BETTER FUTURE - JOIN R.W.D.S.U. Fairness in the workplace Saskatoon 2154 Airport Drive S7L 6M6 Phone: 306-384-9885 Fax: 306-384-1006 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-717-9378 Such Things as: • Higher Wages • Fair Treatment • Job Security • Democratic Decision Making • Proper Scheduling • Better Health and Safety Procedures • Sick Leave • Proper Grievance Procedures • Family Dental Plan • Experienced Staff Working for You • Improved Vacation • Good Pension Saskatchewan Urban Native Teacher Education Program (SUNTEP) SUNTEP is a four-year, fully accredited Bachelor of Education program, offered by the Gabriel Dumont Institute in cooperation with the Ministry of Advanced Education, the University of Regina, and the University of Saskatchewan. (306) 764-1797 www.gdins.org Proud to support the S.F.P.O. in their efforts to increase mental health awareness.
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 11 Moose Jaw Police Association President Taylor Elder (far right) presenting a cheque for $5,000 to Special Olympics from proceeds from their MJPA 2018 Golf Tournament. MOOSE JAW POLICEASSOCIATION “Together We Make a Difference”
12 Mental Health Awareness Our Services: 8’ x 14’ Access Matting • Trucks & Trailers to haul matting, bales, • equipment, rig equipment, gravel, asphalt, containment soil, etc. Trailers include a live bottom trailer, end • dump & super b’s A loader to load, unload, spot, stack • matting or for any other loader needs We are also proud to offer a lease clean • up crew - for any lease that needs to be cleared of any debris and hauled away. We are located at: 1009 Wellings Road, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4K 0A2, Canada www.midwestdieselrepair.ca (306) 525-5077 We Specialize In Our Services • Air Conditioning and Heating • SGI Inspections • Repair all kinds of semi-trucks and trailers • Oil changes to Overhauls • Computer Diagnostics We Accept www.millsapfuels.ca Proudly serving the following communities and surrounding areas: Carrot River – Debden – Elrose – Eston – Humboldt – Kenaston – Kerrobert – Kindersley – La Ronge – Melfort – Plenty – Prince Albert – Rosetown – Saskatoon – Tisdale – Waldheim • Cardlock Services • Bulk Fuel • Lubricants
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 13 REGINA POLICEASSOCIATION “Respectful - Professional - Service” Ratification vote during the 2018 CBA Bargaining Participants in Krav Maga session at the 2018 SFPO Wellness Conference Host Josh Jakobowski at the 2018 SFPO Wellness Conference Regina Police Association Bargaining team during the 2018 CBA Bargaining meeting
® 563 McDonald Street, Regina, Saskatchewan Ph: 306-721-2223 From earplugs to specialty tools, to abrasives and cutting tools, we cover the vast majority of our customers’ maintenance, repair, operations and production-related needs. Vallen is also a leader in safety services with offerings that include safety equipment inspection, maintenance, certification and solution design. Industrial MRO I Safety I Facilities Maintenance I Safety Services www.vallen.ca 14 Mental Health Awareness DR. OSHODI PROFESSIONAL CORP. 4517 50 Avenue, Suite 1 Lloydminster, SK S9V 0Z9 306.825.5454 Dr. Greg Konotopetz 3291 Quance Street Regina, SK S4V 3B7 (306) 584-2833 www.signaturesmiles.ca
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 15 REGINA POLICEASSOCIATION “Respectful - Professional - Service” Regina Police Association Family Red Sox Day SFPO President Ward addressing the crowd at the Annual EBM/Lobby Day in Ottawa. Regina Police Association executive meeting with Senator Denise Batters at the Annual EBM/Lobby Day.
Representing over 14,000 Health Care Workers in Saskatchewan. CUPE recognizes the seriousness of Mental Health, Suicide Prevention, PTSD, Drug Addiction, Alcoholism and all other challenges people face, on a daily basis, in our community. CUPE LOCAL 5430 1651 Park Street, Regina, SK, S4N 5A2 COPE/342 Focusing on the world wide demand for sustainable plant-based proteins http://www.verdientfoodsinc.com Tel.: 306.978.5353 16 Mental Health Awareness
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 17 SASKATOON POLICEASSOCIATION “Honour - Spirit -Vision” Recently retired members of the Saskatoon Police Service were “honoured” at the annual Saskatoon Police Association Retirement Social and Pig Roast. Vick Hein being honoured at the 2019 SPA retirement social for his previous 20 plus years of service to the Saskatoon Police Association. Lobby Days 2019
18 Cannabis Awareness McDougall Gauley LLP is proud to support the SK Federation of Police Officers and the drive to promote mental health awareness. Let’smake a difference, together. www.mcdougallgauley.com Swift Current Fire Fighters 236 Chaplin St E Swift Current, SK S9H 5B2 306.778.2760 Swift Current Fire Fighters are proud to support our police International Union of Operating Engineers 2175 Airport Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7L 7E1 Telephone: (306) 665-7718 Facsimile: (306) 665-0998
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 19 SASKATOON POLICEASSOCIATION “Honour - Spirit -Vision” Lawyers, Aaron Fox and Brad Mitchel provide information on the Public Complaints process, Member Advocacy and Serious Incident Investigations to the Saskatoon Police Association general meeting. Saskatoon youth enjoy, visit with and show their appreciation to Saskatoon Police Association members. Saskatoon Police Association board members attend the Canadian Police Association annual Lobby Days in Ottawa in April 2019.
HEALTHY PEOPLE, HEALTHY SASKATCHEWAN WE’RE STRENGTHENING MENTAL HEALTH BY CONNECTING YOUR CARE saskhealthauthority.ca Keeping Saskatchewan residents healthy and close to their homes and communi琀es is important to us. Through our Connected Care ini琀a琀ve, the Saskatchewan Health Authority is enhancing access to mental health and addic琀ons services to be琀er support you when you need it most. Visit our website to learn more. 20 Mental Health Awareness
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 21 WEYBURN POLICEASSOCIATION Cst. Kaczmar with Weyburn Police Association and Eleesha Cooper with Bespoke Interior Design, pictured with items that were inside of the ‘Blessing Bags’ handed out to families in need at Christmas time. A final number of 105 bags were given to families that were chosen by the Salvation Army, who qualified to receive a bag filled with household essentials. Cst. Kaczmar and Cooper gathered donations from businesses and individuals in the community, purchased the items for the bags, and put the bags together, which were then taken to the Salvation Army, who dispersed them to families in need. Cst. Kaczmar with Weyburn Police Association presenting Tara Busch and trauma K9 Beaumont, with a $3,500 cheque from the 2nd Annual WPA golf tournament. Tara and Beaumont are part of Southeast Regional Victim Services.
Member - Canadian Investor Protection Fund www.edwardjones.ca We support Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers. Lory M Neumann 455 Broad Street North 306-543-3486 Rob Klinger 1014 Winnipeg Street 306-565-6774 Michael J Curtin #1-5950 Rochdale Blvd 306-565-0060 Reese Wiley 2629 29th Avenue #101 306-790-2125 Gary J Corcoran 3255 Eastgate Dr. 306-791-0169 Keith Chapman 3725 Pasqua Street Ste#102 306-791-0168 Robert G McVicar 2579 Quance Street East 306-586-0646 Regina Exhibition Drive and 6th Avenue East Prince Albert SK S6V 5T1 (306) 764‐1711 22 Mental Health Awareness #1 - 1881 Chaplin Street West Swift Current, SK S9H 0H4 Plumbing & Heating Residential & Commercial • Free Estimates • Furnaces • Air Conditioning • Boilers • Gas Lines • In Floor Heating • Fire Places • Fire Sprinklers 24 Hour Emergency Service 306-773-TGUN (8486) www.topgunmechanical.ca
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 23 continued As originally published - February 11, 2019
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 25 continued
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 27 Mental illnesses are health problems that affect the way we think about ourselves, relate to others, and interact with the world around us.They affect our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Mental illnesses can disrupt a person’s life or create challenges, but with the right supports, a person can get back on a path to recovery and wellness. It’s important to understand that there are many different types of mental illness that affect people in different ways. Within each mental illness, people may have very different symptoms and challenges. However, symptoms are just one piece. Access to services, support from loved ones, and the ability to participate in communities play a big part in the way people experience mental illnesses. Culture, background, and personal beliefs also shape the way people understand mental illnesses. Some people don’t see the name of a diagnosis as an important part of their journey, while others prefer the medical terms to describe the illness. No matter how people talk about their experiences, they will likely need to use medical terms if they seek help in the health system.This is just how the system works right now—but it isn’t the only way to talk about wellness. Different mental illnesses Health professionals divide mental illnesses into several different groups based on signs or symptoms. Common groups of mental illnesses include: Anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders are all related to anxiety. They may include excessive and uncontrollable worry, strong fears around everyday things or situations, unwanted thoughts, panic attacks, or fears around a past scary situation. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses, and they can create barriers in people’s lives. The different types of anxiety disorders include: • Phobias: A phobia is an intense fear around a specific thing like an object, animal, or situation. • Panic disorder: Panic disorder involves repeated and unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is a feeling of sudden and intense fear that lasts for a short period of time. It causes a lot of physical feelings like a racing heart, shortness of breath, or nausea. Panic attacks can be a normal reaction to a stressful situation, or a part of other anxiety disorders. With panic disorder, panic attacks seem to happen for no reason. People who experience panic disorder fear more panic attacks and may worry that something bad will happen as a result of the panic attack. Some people change their routine to avoid triggering more panic attacks. • Agoraphobia: Agoraphobia is fear of being in a situation where a person can’t escape or find help if they experience a panic attack or other feelings of anxiety.A person with agoraphobia may avoid public places or even avoid leaving their homes. • Social anxiety disorder: Social anxiety disorder involves intense fear of being embarrassed or evaluated negatively by others. As a result, people avoid social situations. • Generalized anxiety disorder: Generalized anxiety disorder is excessive worry around a number of everyday problems for more than six months. This anxiety is often far greater than expected—for example, intense anxiety over a minor concern. Many people experience physical symptoms too, including muscle tension and sleep problems. continued What are Mental Illnesses?
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 29 Mood disorders Mood disorders all affect a person’s mood—the way they feel.This can affect every part of a person’s life. When someone experiences a mood disorder, they may feel sad, hopeless, tired, or numb for long periods of time.At times, some people experience an unusually ‘high’ mood and feel powerful and energetic, but this can also create problems. Depression and bipolar disorder are examples of mood disorders. Eating disorders Eating disorders really aren’t about food. They are complicated illnesses that are often a way to cope with difficult problems or regain a sense of control. Eating disorders may include seriously restricting how much food a person eats, bingeing, or purging food. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are examples of eating disorders. Psychotic disorders Psychosis is a health problem that affects how people understand what is real and what isn’t real. People may sense things that aren’t real or strongly believe things that can’t be real. Schizophrenia is one example of a psychotic disorder. Personality disorders Personality disorders are patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that may last for a long time and create challenges in a person’s life. People who experience personality disorders may have difficulties developing healthy and satisfying relationships with others, managing their emotions well, avoiding harmful behaviour, and working toward important life goals. Personality disorders can affect the way people understand and view themselves and others and cope with problems. Borderline personality disorder is one example of a personality disorder. Childhood disorders This is a large group of mental illnesses that start to affect people when they are young, though some people are not diagnosed until they’re older. One example of a disorder in this group is attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (or ADHD), which affects a person’s ability to focus, complete tasks, plan or organize, sit still, or think through actions. Dementia ‘Dementia’ refers to a group of symptoms. It can be caused by a disease that mainly affects nerve cells in the brain or can be associated with many other medical conditions. Dementia impacts a person’s memory, language abilities, concentration, organization skills, mood, and behaviours. Alzheimer’s disease is one type of dementia. Other mental illnesses Some mental illnesses are no longer classified as anxiety disorders, though anxiety or fear is a major part of the illnesses. Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is made up of unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety (obsessions) or repeated actions meant to reduce that anxiety (compulsions). Obsessions or compulsions usually take a lot of time and cause a lot of distress. Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after a very scary or traumatic event, such as abuse, an accident, or a natural disaster. Symptoms of PTSD include reliving the event through nightmares or flashbacks, avoiding reminders of the traumatic event, and feeling unsafe in the world, even when a person isn’t in danger. A note on suicide Suicide, when someone ends their life on purpose, is not a mental illness in itself. Not all people who die by suicide experience a mental illness. However, suicide may be linked to many different mental illnesses. It’s important to take any talk or thoughts of suicide seriously and seek help. What are Mental Illnesses? continued continued
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 31 What are Mental Illnesses? What can I do about it? Experiencing a mental illness can be very distressing. You may wonder if you’ll feel like yourself again.You may not know what’s happening to you, and you may worry about other people’s reactions. It’s important to know that it’s not your fault and it’s not a sign of weakness. It’s important to seek help early. Finding help early will get you on the road to recovery faster and may even reduce the risk of problems in the future. Treatment often includes a few different approaches—for example, counselling, medication and self-care. Support groups can connect people with shared experiences. And there are many self-help strategies to try. Some people may also find extra supports like income and housing. Each person has their own preferences and goals, and recovery plans should reflect that. Contact your local CMHA branch to find help and support in your community - cmha.ca/find-your-cmha/ Treatment Counselling An effective form of counselling for anxiety is cognitive-behavioural therapy (or ‘CBT’). CBT teaches you how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours work together. A goal of CBT is to identify and change the unhelpful patterns of thinking that feed anxious thoughts. CBT can help you identify problem behaviours and replace them with helpful strategies. It’s often the first treatment to try for mild or moderate problems with anxiety. Medication Some people also find antianxiety or antidepressant medication helpful. Medication can help with the physical feelings of anxiety. It may also make anxious thoughts less frequent or intense, so it can be easier to learn helpful coping strategies. Some people take medication until their anxiety is controlled enough to try therapies like CBT. Support groups Support groups—in person or online—may be a good place to share your experiences, learn from others, and connect with people who understand. Self-help strategies Many different skills can help people manage anxiety, such as stress management, problem-solving, and relaxation. Mindfulness—developing awareness of the present moment without judgement—may also help. Practices that support wellness, such as eating well, exercising, having fun, and connecting with others, are also important. How can I help a loved one? When someone you love experiences a mental illness, you may have conflicting feelings.You may feel worried about their future, and feel relieved that the problem has a name.You may even wonder if you’ve done anything to cause their illness.These feelings— and many more—are normal. You can be an important person in your loved one’s recovery. Ask what you can do to help. Emotional support is important, but don’t forget about practical help with daily tasks, if needed. Remember to take care of yourself and find support, too. Contact your local CMHA branch to find resources in your community - cmha.ca/find-your-cmha/ How can I make a difference in my community? Mental illness affects everyone. People who experience a mental illness may face challenges in their communities. Capable workers may not find good employment. Housing may come with restrictions or may be limited by inadequate income. Many challenges around living with a mental illness have to do with unfair attitudes and discrimination. You can make a difference by advocating for people who experience mental illnesses. Let leaders and policy-makers know that your community includes everyone, and support organizations that work to give everyone a voice. cmha.ca
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 33 What are the Risk Factors for Mental Illness? Many factors cause mental illness. Contributing factors include: • genetics, which are influenced by your family history • early life experiences, such as: • abuse • trauma • stressful life events, such as: • financial problems • a loved one's death • divorce • environmental influences on a fetus, such as exposure to drugs or alcohol • your social, economic and educational status What are the symptoms of mental illness? Mental illness involves changes in thinking, mood or behaviour, or a combination of these issues. Symptoms include: • significant distress • inability to function as needed over an extended period of time These symptoms can be mild or severe, depending on the: • type of mental illness • individual • family • patient's environment What are the physical health effects of mental illness? Mental health is as important as physical health, and they both directly affect the other. People with physical health problems often experience anxiety or depression, which affects their recovery. Similarly, mental health factors can increase the risk of developing physical problems, such as: • diabetes • heart disease • weight gain or loss canada.ca Business photo created by freepik - www.freepik.com
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 35 Let’s Talk About Stigma Stigma refers to negative attitudes (prejudice) and negative behaviour (discrimination) toward people with substance use and mental health problems. Stigma includes: • having fixed ideas and judgments—such as thinking that people with substance use and mental health problems are not normal or not like us; that they caused their own problems; or that they can simply get over their problems if they want to. • fearing and avoiding what we don’t understand— such as excluding people with substance use and mental health problems from regular parts of life (for example, from having a job or a safe place to live). We all have attitudes and judgments that affect how we think about and behave toward others.When we talk about negative attitudes and behaviour toward others based on their gender, sexual orientation, culture, race or religion, we use the words prejudice and discrimination. So let’s call stigma what it really is Prejudice and discrimination exclude people with mental illness and addiction from activities that are open to other people.This limits people's ability to: • get and keep a job • get and keep a safe place to live • get health care (including treatment for substance use and mental health problems) and other support • be accepted by their family, friends and community • find and make friends or have other long-term relationships • take part in social activities. Prejudice and discrimination often become internalized by people with mental health and substance use problems.This leads them to: • believe the negative things that other people and the media say about them (self-stigma) • have lower self-esteem because they feel guilt and shame. Prejudice and discrimination contribute to people with mental health and substance use problems keeping their problems a secret. As a result: • they avoid getting the help they need • their mental health or substance use problems are less likely to decrease or go away. Making a difference Here are 7 huge things you can do to reduce prejudice and discrimination against people with mental health and substance use problems: 1. Know the facts. Educate yourself about substance use and mental health problems—what can bring them on; who is more likely to develop problems; and how to prevent or reduce the severity of problems. Learn the facts instead of the myths. 2. Be aware of your attitudes and behaviour. We’ve all grown up with prejudices and judgmental thinking, which are passed on by society and reinforced by family, friends and the media. But we can change the way we think—and see people as unique human beings, not as labels or stereotypes. 3. Choose your words carefully. The way we speak can affect the way other people think and speak. Business photo created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com continued
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 37 Use accurate and sensitive words when talking about people with mental health and substance use problems. For example, speak about “a person with schizophrenia” rather than “a schizophrenic.” 4. Educate others. Find opportunities to pass on facts and positive attitudes about people with substance use and mental health problems. If people or the media present information that is not true, challenge their myths and stereotypes. Let them know how their negative words and incorrect descriptions affect people with substance use and mental health problems, and keep alive the false ideas. 5. Focus on the positive. People with mental health and substance use problems make valuable contributions to society. Their health problems are just one part of who they are. We’ve all heard the negative stories. Let’s recognize and applaud the positive ones. For example, did you know that Ron Ellis was living with depression at the height of his National Hockey League career? 6. Support people. Treat people who have substance use and mental health problems with dignity and respect. Think about how you’d like others to act toward you if you were in the same situation. If you have family members, friends or co-workers with substance use or mental health problems, support their choices and encourage their efforts to get well. 7. Include everyone. In Canada, it is against the law for employers and people who provide services to discriminate against people with mental health and substance use problems. Denying people access to things such as jobs, housing and health care, which the rest of us take for granted, violates human rights. People with mental health and substance use problems have a right to take an equal part in society. Let’s make sure that happens. Let’s Talk About Stigma continued cmha.ca Ten ways to boost your mental health A healthy mental health: a balanced life 1. Foster healthy, meaningful relationships. 2. Share humour. Laughter can go a long way to keeping us mentally fit! 3. Do one thing at a time. Learn to enjoy the present moment fully. 4. Enjoy hobbies. They will keep your brain active! 5. Volunteer within your community. You will help others and make yourself feel great at the same time. 6. Set realistic goals; reaching them will build confidence and foster a sense of satisfaction. 7. Exercise regularly to improve your psychological well-being and reduce depression, stress and anxiety. 8. Take a few moments each day: close your eyes, take a few deep breaths and unplug from your surroundings. This simple practice helps lower blood pressure and calms your mind. 9. “Collect” positive emotional moments. Recall times when you have experienced pleasure, comfort, peace or other positive feelings. 10. Each day, remember three things for which you can be grateful. An attitude of gratitude boosts our immune system. gnb.ca
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 39 The lives of people with mental health conditions are often plagued by stigma as well as discrimination. Stigma is a negative stereotype. Stigma is a reality for many people with a mental illness, and they report that how others judge them is one of their greatest barriers to a complete and satisfying life. Stigma differs from discrimination. Discrimination is unfair treatment due to a person’s identity, which includes race, ancestry, place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital status, family status or disability, including mental disorder. Acts of discrimination can be overt or take the form of systemic (covert) discrimination. Stigma is the negative stereotype and discrimination is the behaviour that results from this negative stereotype. Often, individuals with a mental illness are faced with multiple, intersecting layers of discrimination as a result of their mental illness and their identity. For example, a woman with a mental illness may experience discrimination due to sexism as well as her illness, and a racialized individual may experience discrimination due to racism in addition to their mental illness. In addition, living with discrimination can have a negative impact on mental health. Media influence on public attitudes Many studies have found that media and the entertainment industry play a key role in shaping public opinions about mental health and illness. People with mental health conditions are often depicted as dangerous, violent and unpredictable. News stories that sensationalize violent acts by a person with a mental health condition are typically featured as headline news; while there are fewer articles that feature stories of recovery or positive news concerning similar individuals. Entertainment frequently features negative images and stereotypes about mental health conditions, and these portrayals have been strongly linked to the development of fears and misunderstanding. Impact of negative public attitudes There are significant consequences to the public misperceptions and fears. Stereotypes about mental health conditions have been used to justify bullying. Some individuals have been denied adequate housing, health insurance and jobs due to their history of mental illness. Due to the stigma associated with the illness, many people have found that they lose their self-esteem and have difficulty making friends. Sometimes, the stigma attached to mental health conditions is so pervasive that people who suspect that they might have a mental health condition are unwilling to seek help for fear of what others may think. Experiences of stigma and discrimination is one of their greatest barriers to a satisfying life. What you can do to stop stigma and discrimination Use the STOP criteria to recognize attitudes and actions that support the stigma of mental health conditions. It’s easy, just ask yourself if what you hear: o Stereotypes people with mental health conditions (that is, assumes they are all alike rather than individuals)? o Trivializes or belittles people with mental health conditions and/or the condition itself? o Offends people with mental health conditions by insulting them? o Patronizes people with mental health conditions by treating them as if they were not as good as other people? If you see something in the media which does not pass the STOP criteria, speak up! Call or write to the writer or publisher of the newspaper, magazine or book; the radio, TV or movie producer; or the advertiser who used words which add to the misunderstanding of mental illness. Help them realize how their words affect people with mental health conditions. Start with yourself. Be thoughtful about your own choice of words. Use accurate and sensitive words when talking about people with mental health conditions. cmha.ca Stigma and Discrimination NEED HELP? Contact the Mobile Crisis Helpline at 306-757-0127 (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) or Mobile Crisis Services at 306-525-5333 (provides 24hr crisis counselling)
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 41 One in five people will face a mental health problem in any given year and yet mental health does not occupy the place it deserves in the public health system. Despite this alarming fact about the mental health of Canadians, mental health services are insufficient, inadequate and underfinanced. It should come, then, as no surprise that, every year, over 1.6 million Canadians report having mental health needs that go unmet. Physical health and mental health need to be on equal footing. Here are six reasons why health parity has to be a priority: 1. Mental health is an essential part of well-being. As theWorld Health Organization’s (WHO) Constitution so eloquently defines it, “health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Mental health is an intrinsic part of well-being, just like physical and social health. In fact, they are complementary: you can’t have one without the others. 2. Mental health problems are on the rise. Don’t take our word for it: listen to the World Health Organization. According to the WHO, by 2020 mental health problems will be the second leading cause of disability in the world. By that same year in Canada, they will be the leading cause. This is without counting new immigrants who will grow the Canadian population, part of which is aging and at risk of developing mental health problems, in the context of a system that doesn’t meet current demand. 3. Canada’s universal health system is a fairly universal medical system. The health system as it exists today publicly funds only treatments deemed medically necessary, which are generally available in a hospital or medical clinic.This means that all basic mental health care that is essential but not intensive, such as psychotherapy, counselling, treatment for addiction and peer support services, is not necessarily covered by the government.As a result, many people with chronic, complex mental health problems don’t receive the full range of services they need and often suffer what is called revolving door syndrome, which involves putting a band-aid on a more serious problem.This is why basic care, including non-intensive care, that can support and offer appropriate long-term care, has to be part of front-line health services and publicly funded. 4. Access to the current system is uneven and complex. To receive free care, you have to be in physical or psychological distress. Otherwise, you have to go to your family doctor…if you have one! Up to 80% of Canadians turn to their family doctor for mental health care, but the services are limited. While they can refer patients to specialized services, access to psychiatrists is wanting and the waiting times are long. Care is not offered when it is most needed, something that is even more of a problem in disadvantaged socioeconomic settings. 5. Investing properly in mental health delivers savings for Canadians. For every dollar invested in mental health, the public health system in Canada saves $2. Investing in mental health doesn’t mean adding hospital beds; it means increasing spending on social programs so that the most vulnerable among us have access to support that will improve their well-being and allow them to contribute to their community. By investing enough in research, services, and care and adopting a public health approach to promotion and prevention in mental health – as we currently do for physical health – we will improve the well-being and mental health of the public. 6. Mental health is a right! Universal health is the basis of the WHO Constitution (see point #1); it is a fundamental human right:“the right to health for all people means that everyone should have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without suffering financial hardship.” Good mental health is a right, period. To ensure that Canadian society is healthy and has the services and care it needs, the Canadian Mental Health Association is calling for legislation on parity in mental health, as detailed in a new policy document entitled “Mental Health in the Balance: Ending the Health Care Disparity in Canada.” cmha.ca 6 Reasons to Work for Mental Health Parity Posted on November 22, 2018 NEED HELP? Contact the Mobile Crisis Helpline at 306-757-0127 or Mobile Crisis Services at 306-525-5333
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