SASKATCHEWAN FEDERATION OF POLICE OFFICERS SFPO made a $5,000 donation to Canadian Mental Health Association 12th Annual SK Police & Peace Officers Memorial Cyberattacks, Homegrown Terrorists Worry Canadians Building Resilience Against Terrorism DOMESTIC TERRORISM A W A R E N E S S 2015
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 1 PREM I ER OF SASKATCHEWAN LEGISLATIVE BUILDING REGINA, CANADA S4S 0B3 The Government of Saskatchewan is proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers’ (SFPO) Annual Crime Prevention Guide. This year’s guide addresses Domestic Terrorism Awareness and the important role citizens play in identifying and reporting youth at risk of radicalization. Recent events around the world and within our own country have demonstrated the importance of such vigilance. Working in partnership with law enforcement personnel, the public plays an essential role in building safe, healthy and supportive local communities. This guide is an important resource to help educate the public on this difficult subject. All proceeds from this edition will go directly to support SFPO activities and community organizations including the Saskatchewan Division of the Canadian Mental Health Association. On behalf of the Government of Saskatchewan, I wish to express my appreciation to the SFPO for your valuable work and commend the members of our municipal police agencies for their ongoing efforts to enhance the safety of our local communities. Brad Wall Premier
2 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Our reputation for excellence in providing conscientious, professional tele-services campaign management reflects the skills and experience of a dedicated team of professionals. The on-going successful presentation of unique Family Entertainment Special Events, and the publication of highlyacclaimed Community Awareness Guides will continue to raise the public profiles of our many valued clients and generate essential funding for their operations. Fenety Marketing is dedicated to assisting high-profile, non-profit organizations with professional marketing and fundraising services. Professional Tele-Services Management 1 • 8 0 0 • 5 6 1 • 4 4 2 2
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 3 Violent extremism / Radicalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Youth Online and at Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Radicalization of Youth as a Growing Concern for Counter-Terrorism Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cyberattacks, Homegrown Terrorists Worry Canadians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Report a Threat to National Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Identifying Radicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Terrorism in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Montreal Teen Sentenced to 3 Years for Terror Related Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Foiled Threat in Strathroy, Ontario Shows Limits of Controlling Aspiring Terrorists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Statement from Minister Goodale Following National Security Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 How Police Can Stop a Terrorist in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Building Resilience Against Terrorism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Responding to Stressful Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Terrorism Preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Lockdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Bomb Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Emergency Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Anti-Terrorism Act, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Statement from Minister Goodale on the Anniversary of 9/11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 ADVERTISERS’ INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7TH Annual Community Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS DOMESTIC TERRORISM AWARENESS Message from the Premier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 About SFPO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Message from the SFPO President . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Publisher’s Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 SFPO made a $5,000 donation to SK Division of the Canadian Mental Health Association. . . . . . . 9 12th Annual SK Police & Peace Officers Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Estevan Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Moose Jaw Police Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Potentially Injured, We Must Now Presume . . . . . 31 What Can a Cop, Drug Dealer, and a Colombian Teach You?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 PHOTO: ROY ANTEL Students run out of a high school in Regina, SK on September 23/08, as an officer runs in during a hostage incident.
4 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers The Saskatchewan Federa-on of Police Officers represents over 1,300 police personnel from six municipali-es in Saskatchewan: Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Weyburn and Estevan. The SFPO is comprised of 8 police associa-ons from each of those ci-es including senior officer associa-ons in Regina and Saskatoon. BOARD OF DIRECTORS President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Casey Ward Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tony Boensch Vice President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Taylor Mickleborough Director – Regina Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Todd Strueby Director – Saskatoon Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dean Pringle Director – Moose Jaw Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rick Johns Director – Prince Albert Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Darryl Hickie Director – Estevan Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Evan Handley Director – Weyburn Police Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Darcy Cleasby Director – Saskatoon Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mitch Yuzdepski Director – Regina Senior Officer Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Brent Ermel Executive Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bernie Eiswirth SFPO Members in Ottawa with Senator Denise Batters. www.saskpolice.com https://twitter.com/saskfed PO Box 26116, Regina, SK S4R 8R7 Ph: 306.539.0960
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 5 As President of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I am proud to introduce our Annual Crime Prevention Guide. This year’s Guide focuses on the topic of Domestic Terrorism. With an ever-changing world, and the events of Ottawa and Moncton happening in our own country, Domestic Terrorism affects us all. Our Police Officers are seeing huge increases in gun violence across the province. Our dedicated members of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers work hard to ensure the public’s safety. There has been an anti-police movement across North America and our officers continue to work hard every day to keep their communities safe and build public trust. Our officers in Saskatchewan continue to build relationships within our communities and work hard at these partnerships. This was very evident in the work that Saskatchewan Police Officers have done in welcoming the Syrian Refugees to our country. On behalf of the 1,300 men and women representing the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I encourage you to read through this year’s Guide. Thanks to all for the contributions and support by many individuals, businesses and organizations throughout the province who make this publication possible through your generous donations. Thank you for continuing to work together to build safe Saskatchewan Communities. Casey Ward President Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
6 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 7 From the Publisher “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.” www.fenety.com This 7thAnnual Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Crime Prevention Guide covers the potential consequences of Domestic Terrorism, focusing on the radicalization of our youth which can lead to acts of violence and terrorism, such as the tragic 2014 police shootings in Moncton, NB, and the most recent incident in Strathroy, ON, where a young man was killed by police because he planned to use a bomb to carry out a suicide attack in a public area. This publication is designed to educate and promote the public’s role in identifying and reporting potential Domestic Terrorism, and is made possible as a result of financial contributions from residents and business representatives throughout the province to support the activities of the SFPO and allows them to give back to their communities through donations to various local charities and youth-oriented programs. On behalf of the SKPO, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and every contributor of our 2015 Telephone Appeal. This unique publication is distributed free-of-charge each year to schools, libraries and public facilities and it is also available online at the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers’ website at http://saskpolice.com, making it easily accessible to everyone. Your comments or suggestions regarding these publications are always welcome and we look forward to speaking with you each year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, Mark T. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services
8 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers The Town of Nipawin has long been one of Saskatchewan’s secret outdoor lifestyle destinations. Today, we graciously host thousands of guests from across North America - twelve months a year! Come and discover why Nipawin truly is the perfect back to nature vacation destination for your family! 210 Second Avenue East 306.862.9866 • Fax: 306.862.3076 Email: [email protected] • www.nipawin.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 9 Proceeds from our 7th Annual Crime Prevention Guide allowed SFPO to make a $5,000.00 donation to the Saskatchewan Division of the Canadian Mental Health Association, a provincial charity that promotes the mental health for citizens of Saskatchewan. SFPO President Casey Ward(left) presenting a $5,000 donation to Julius Brown, provincial coordinator of the OSI-Can Initiative for the Canadian Mental Health Association – Saskatchewan. If you need help or information regarding mental health programs and supports in Saskatchewan, please contact us. Saskatchewan Division office of Canadian Mental Health Association is here to help provide support to everyone in Saskatchewan and we can help you connect with the mental health services available in your region of the province. Contact CMHA SK Division 2702 12th Avenue, Regina, SK S4T 1J2 Phone: 1-800-461-5483or 306-525-5601 Fax: 306-569-3788 www.sk.cmha.ca FOLLOW US SSSSSSSSS
10 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Vision Excellence in the regulation of Licensed Practical Nurses Mission Ensure public safety through licensure, enforcement of practice standards, and supporting Licensed Practical Nurses in the provision of professional, competent and ethical care Visit us online at salpn.com 4002 Burron Avenue Saskatoon, SK S7P 0E1 Ph: (306) 649-FUEL (3835) RWDSU RETAIL WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT STORE UNION Regina 1233 Winnipeg Street S4R 1K1 Phone: 306-569-9311 Fax: 306-569-9521 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-747-9378 UNION MEMBERSHIP PAYS HIGH DIVIDENDS FOR A BETTER FUTURE - JOIN R.W.D.S.U. Fairness in the workplace Saskatoon 2154 Airport Drive S7L 6M6 Phone: 306-384-9885 Fax: 306-384-1006 E-mail: [email protected] Toll Free: 1-877-717-9378 Such Things as: • Higher Wages • Fair Treatment • Job Security • Democratic Decision Making • Proper Scheduling • Better Health and Safety Procedures • Sick Leave • Proper Grievance Procedures • Family Dental Plan • Experienced Staff Working for You • Improved Vacation • Good Pension International Union of Operating Engineers 2175 Airport Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7L 7E1 Telephone: (306) 665-7718 Facsimile: (306) 665-0998
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 11 12th Annual Saskatchewan Police and Peace Officer Memorial Sunday, September 27, 2015 – Legislative Building, Regina, SK The Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers is continually advancing issues of safety for our members and all police and peace officers in the province. In doing so, we remember those who have walked our beats, driven our streets and given the ultimate sacrifice for our communities. The members whose names make up this Honour Roll are a constant reminder of the important and often dangerous situations which we are faced with daily in our communities. Unfortunately, this year we have had to add a new name to the Honour Roll, a further reminder of the sacrifice our members make all too often. ►
12 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Flying Dust First Nation Administration and Health Services 8001 Flying Dust Reserve Meadow Lake, SK S9X 1T8 Phone: 306-236-4437 Fax: 306-236-3373 Web: www.flyingdust.net PRINCE ALBERT PARKLAND HEALTH CARE WORKERS CUPE Local 4777 579-28th Street West Prince Albert, SK S6V 4T1 Telephone: (306) 922-0600 Fax: (306) 763-8915 Email: [email protected] President: Helen Sawatsky
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 13 Police & Peace Officers 12th Annual Saskatchewan Memorial ...Continued
14 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 4 A challenging 9 hole course with grass greens overlooking Jackfish Lake • Licensed Club House • Power Cart • Pull Cart • Club Rentals 306-892-2200 Visit us at meotagolf.com Construction & General Workers’ Local Union No. 180 1866 Mcara Street Regina, SK S4N 6C4 (306) 525-2336
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 15 The Inaugural Estevan Police Associa-on 'Variety Night' included a magic show, illusions and comedy acts for local youth and their families. Proceeds from this event were donated to the Estevan Family Resource Centre. Estevan Police Association The Estevan Police Associa-on and Estevan RCMP co-hosted the 'Estevan Police Officers Memorial Open' to raise money for the 'St. Joseph's Hospital Founda-on'. The local community had a chance to meet the local Police Members from Estevan Police and the RCMP. 126 golfers made this event a huge success, this was the first Estevan Police Associa-on Golf event in recent years since the former 'Bob Campbell Memorial' tournament. Estevan Police Associa-on and RCMP presented a dona-on to St. Joseph’s Hospital. Estevan Police Associa-on Members donated gifts to the Angel Tree Campaign.
16 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Supported by a network of brokers throughout Saskatchewan, Alberta and Manitoba, the Saskatchewan Mutual Insurance Company (SMI) offers automobile, habitational, commercial and farm insurance. SMI is proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Crime Prevention Guide and their efforts to provide awareness on Domestic Terrorism. To locate an SMI broker near you, visit: www.saskmutual.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 17 In October 2015, the Moose Jaw Police Association and the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers hosted the 1st Annual Saskatchewan Police Officer Wellness Conference. The conference was attended by over 170 police officers from all across Canada. We were proud to host an all-star cast of speakers including Dr Kevin Gilmartin, Dr Bryan Vila, Dr Lois James and Dr John Violanti. The topics covered included fatigue management, occupational stress management, nutrition and police suicide awareness. The conference was extremely well received and will now be hosted annually in other cities across the province. Moose Jaw Police Association 2nd Annual Police Wellness Conference
18 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Calgary and Saskatoon offices are proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers. Thanks for all you do! ca.kaizen.com 30
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 19 In June of 2015, we began construction on Saskatchewan’s first and only Bicycle Skills Park. The project was finished in October 2015 and we will be hosting a grand opening this spring. The bike park is a unique and exciting way to leave a positive legacy in our community and promote vitality within our youth. After two years of planning and organizing, we began construction after raising over $80,000 for the project. All told, the project had a civic value of over $300,000 after factoring all of the in-kind and volunteer donations! The MJPA funded the design of the park, organized the project, supplied the necessary volunteer effort and engaged in fundraising to complete the project. Overall, the project has received overwhelming public support and positive feedback. To date, we have also received support and donations from Co-Op, Evans Excavating, The Associated Canadian Travelers, Simpson Seeds, Cypress Paving, the RM of Moose Jaw, Clarke’s Supply, Aspen Dental, Folgizan Insurance, the Moose Jaw Pavers and United Rentals. We are very pleased to say that this will be one of the best bike parks in Canada and a valuable asset to our community! Moose Jaw Police Association Bicycle Skills Park
20 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers OPERATIVE PLASTERERS & CEMENT MASONS Local union 222 Local 222 is a proud supporter of Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Crime Prevention Guide in its endeavors to promote and educate crime prevention awareness! Calgary, AB (403) 258-0042 Saskatoon, SK (306) 244-6556 Winnipeg, MB 1-877- 423-4296 #42 4004-97 Street Edmonton, Alberta TE6 6N1 Ph: (780) 423-4296 Fax: (780) 423-4271 www.Local222.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 21 Moose Jaw Police Association Serving the community The Moose Jaw Police Association has a very active relationship with the Moose Jaw Special Olympics. In April 2016, the MJPA again enjoyed a friendly game of floor hockey with the Special Olympics team. We have made this game an annual event that both teams very much look forward to, and this year’s game was very well attended. As in other years, the police team was easily outplayed and lost by a large score. The MJPA also teamed up with the Special Olympics again for some curling and bowling. We had a great time and an awesome turnout. In January of 2016, the Moose Jaw Police Association was honoured to receive the Moose Jaw “Group of the Year” award for our contributions to the community. This award is given out to a group who makes significant contributions to the social and economic climate of Moose Jaw. We were recognized for our community projects, charity work and volunteerism in the community. It was very special to simply be nominated, but winning the award was a true honor. In December of 2015, we were recognized by the City of Moose Jaw with a Special Achievement Award for our work on the bike park. As well, the Moose Jaw Police Association donated money to local charities and organizations including the “Better Together” Food Drive, Moose Jaw Minor Hockey, the Carnival Dance Competition, and the Moose Jaw Kinsmen Flying Fins Swim Club.
22 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers iQmetrix is a proud supporter of the Crime Prevention Guide 306.721.6707 310 Hodsman Road, Regina Saskatchewan S4N 5X4
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 23 Moose Jaw Police Association 3rd Annual Copper Cup Pond Hockey Tournament In April 2016, the Moose Jaw Police Association hosted the 3rd Annual “Copper Cup” Pond Hockey Tournament. The “Copper Cup” was very successful and proved to be an excellent way for us to interact with the community and promote vitality, all while raising money for various local charities. Overall, we managed to raise over $4,000 through team participation and prize raffles. All of the money raised will be donated back to the community of Moose Jaw through various local charities and community projects.
24 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Saskatoon, SK www.kreosaviation.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 25 Saskatoon Police Association Serving the community
26 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers www.satisfactionhearing.com Gerard Marcoux Practitioner Owner Ph: 306.979.4543 Toll Free: 1.877.979.4543 Fax: 306.979.4868 16-1945 McKercher Drive Saskatoon, SK S7J 4M4 [email protected] QU’ APPELLE BAR & GRILL 32 Qu’Appelle Street PO Box 150 Qu’Appelle SK S0G 4A0 306.699.1234 418A 50th St E Suite 101, Saskatoon SK S7K 6L7 ktscustomcabinets.com 306.955.1644
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 27 Saskatoon Police Association Serving the community
28 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Thank You! for your support GIT “R” DONE TOWING & STORAGE PO Box 365, Spiritwood SK S0J 2M0 306.883.2202 1625 Broad Street Suite A Regina SK S4P 1X3 306.522.4243 Fenety Marketing is dedicated to assisting high-profile, non-profit organizations with professional marketing and fundraising services. Professional Tele-Services Management 1 • 800 • 561 • 4422 Our reputation for excellence in providing conscientious, professional tele-services campaign management reflects the skills and experience of a dedicated team of professionals. The on-going successful presentation of unique Family Entertainment Special Events, and the publication of highly-acclaimed Community Awareness Guides will continue to raise the public profiles of our many valued clients and generate essential funding for their operations. #601 RCACF MACKLIN Celebrating Over 60 Years - since 1955 To Learn, To Serve, To Advance. Royal Canadian Air Cadets
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 29 Weyburn Police Association Serving the community Cst. Wiebe presents a $500 donation to the Weyburn Big Brothers and Big Sisters Program. Cst. Wiebe was involved in the Kids N Kops Program. The Weyburn Police Association teamed up with local businesses to encourage youth to wear bike helmets when riding. Police gave out free slurpee coupons, swimming pool passes, and two grand prizes - a new bike from Canadian Tire, and a pizza party for ten at Boston Pizza. The Weyburn Police Association has been hosting a Magic Variety Show for the past thirty years. The show is always changing and engages a young and old crowd. Money raised is donated back to the community in many different causes. Cst. McSherry amd Cst. Doud donated two $500 Gift Cards to the Weyburn Salvation Army Food Bank to help families in difficult economic times.
30 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers for all their hard work in our Saskatchewan communities. 390 HENDERSON DRIVE REGINA, SK S4N 5W9 BUS: 781-4089 FAX: 721-3978 lBASEMENT EXCAVATION lTRUCKING / BOBCAT SERVICES lSEWER &WATER l LANDSCAPING l LOT GRADING lDEMOLITION lCONCRETE REMOVAL HEAD OFFICE 307 Rosewood Blvd., West Saskatoon, SK S7V 0G8 Office PH (306) 975-1523 Office Email [email protected] Bud Chisholm Mobile (306) 270-4894 Bud’s Email [email protected] “Specializing in TOUGH CORING Conditions” RR#2 Box 4 GS 10 Lloydminster, SK S9V 0X7 Phone: (306) 825-3651 JEM MAINTAIN-A-LOT “30 Years Serving The Community”
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 31 Police officers often speak about their careers as being amongst the most challenging and the most rewarding vocations available today. Our police officers certainly provide a critical service in keeping all of us as safe as possible - they quite literally place themselves in harm’s way in the hopes of protecting everyone else - running towards danger. Doing so necessarily and presumptively requires that our police officers encounter incidents that involve direct or indirect “exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence” (APA, 2013) - incidents colloquially referred to as traumas. The general population may experience one or two such events during their lives and there is an acceptance that being exposed to a single such event can produce a host of symptoms that are distressing and interfere with daily activities (e.g., work, play); however, that same acceptance has been slow-coming for our public safety personnel, including our police officers. The slow acceptance has likely resulted from a combination of social factors that only began to change after World War I. Prior to World War I psychological symptoms were pejoratively considered the result of a consequence of weak constitution or a lack of masculinity. Different diagnoses might have been provided for symptoms of anxiety or depression that seemed to
32 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 1140 Albert St. l Regina, SK l S4R 2R7 105 Wakooma St. l Saskatoon SK l S7R 1A7 Local 677 Unity, SK Box 515 Mossbank, SK S0H 3G0 Contact: Rae Brown Ph: (306) 354-2441 RAE’S AG SVC SASKATOONMETAL M A N U F A C T U R I N G DIONPROTZAK. P. ENG. PARTNER 811 60th Street East Tel: (306) 933-3099 Saskatoon, SK Fax: (306) 933-4451 S7K 5Z7 [email protected] CUSTOM FORM I NG , WELD I NG , & FABR I CAT I ON Canada’s Auc)on Experts! Auc-ons on the 3rd Tuesday of every month. Vehicles, toys, trailers... something for every-one! www.adesasaskatoon.com or (306) 242-8771 Bumper-to-bumper service! Full service automo-ve repair: oil changes to windshields, -re service to cer-fica-ons, we are a one-stop repair shop! www.adesaautocare.ca or (306) 651-4333 2160 Cameron Street Regina, SK S4T 2V6 Phone: (306) 791-7200 Web: www.rcsd.ca
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 33 follow exposure to a traumatic event, such as hysteria for women or men of lower socioeconomic status or neurasthenia for men who were wealthy or heroic (Shephard, 2000). Both diagnoses were stigmatized, though neurasthenia less so. Advances in medicines and health technologies through World War I allowed many soldiers to survive despite many having seen substantial traumas. Unprecedented numbers of returning soldiers were reporting symptoms that overlapped, somewhat, with hysteria and neurasthenia; however, the officers referred to the cluster of symptoms as Shell Shock. The phrase became a diagnostic label further distinguished by a “W”, which was considered a “real” injury or “S”, which was functionally considered malingering. There were no empiricallysupport treatments and the notion of Shell Shock as a viable diagnosis outside of a small number of extraordinary military experiences was decried by the health care practitioners of the day. Combat Stress Reaction eventually replaced Shell Shock as a diagnosis, but the stigma continued well into World War II. During World War II the health care practitioners rapidly relearned the mental health lessons fromWorld War I and found that prevalence rates of Combat Stress Reaction ranged from 10 to 100%, depending on the level of exposure (DiMauro et al., 2014); specifically, after 240 of combat exposure 100% of soldiers became symptomatic (Dyer, 2005), making it increasingly cult to claim the symptoms were the result of weak character. After World War II the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published (APA, 1952) and Gross Stress Reaction was included as a viable and independent diagnosis; however, the diagnosis was removed before the second edition (APA, 1968) due to political pressures and only re-added to the third edition under a new name – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; APA, 1980) – because of stunning grassroots advocacy efforts (Scott, 1990). This means that the current diagnosis is less than 40 years old, which also means there has been relatively little time for research, stigma reduction, and implementation of evidence-based policy. The contemporary PTSD diagnosis recognizes four key clusters of symptoms (APA, 2013): 1) intrusive, recurrent, involuntary, and distressing memories of the trauma; 2) persistent efforts to avoid memories of the trauma; 3) negatively altered thoughts and mood beginning or worsening after the trauma; and 4) significant increases in arousal and reactivity beginning or worsening after the trauma. There are other symptoms that can co-occur, but the four key clusters are required for a diagnosis of PTSD. Notionally, the diagnosis expects that traumatic exposure is relatively rare and until fairly recently, the diagnosis was reserved for people exposed to events outside the realm of normal human experience; however, this is complicated when considering that some members of our population, such as police, are exposed to such events far more regularly than other members of our population. There is a further complication in that, despite the importance of PTSD, it is only one of several possible sets of problematic symptoms that can occur after exposure to one or more traumatic events. Other diagnoses include, but are not limited to, Adjustment Disorder, Panic Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Substance Use Disorders (2013). Since at least the early 2000s there has been increasing interest in re-casting post-traumatic diagnoses as injuries rather than disorders; specifically, as Operational Stress Injuries. The recast appears readily defensible in that the person reporting symptoms may well be describing a reasonable set of responses to an unreasonable set of experiences. An argument can readily be made that fear, anxiety, and depression might be reasonable responses to traumatic exposure, whereas no response might just as readily be described as problematic. There is an important caveat to note here and that is, despite even the high rates of trauma exposure experienced by many public safety personnel, the substantial majority do not go on to report problematic symptoms. There are likely a myriad of reasons for why some people would develop symptoms while others would not, but the best current evidence suggests that everyone has the potential to develop symptoms given the appropriate set of circumstances and that risk and Potentially Injured, We must now presume: ...continued
34 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Louis Mercier, LL.B, LL.L Solicitor & Barrister [email protected] www.mercierlaw.ca Office: 306.551.8001 Fax: 1.877.408.9431 1 - 2080 Rae Street Regina, SK S4T 2E5 Septic Tanks, Cisterns Steps, Blocks, Planters Parking Curbs, Barriers Custom Arch, Structural Catch Basin, Sump, Dykes Burial Vaults, Memorial Electrical Boxes,Bases Fence/Soundwalls Retain Wall Block Storm & Sanitary Manholes Serving Saskatchewan Since 1988 T: 306-931-9229 F: 306-931-4447 3320 Idylwyld Drive N Saskatoon, SK for more information, visit us on line at www.preconltd.ca
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 35 resiliency vary over time based on experience. For example, all else being equal, a police officer encountering a motor vehicle accident after a week of being well-rested, engaged in healthy activities, supported by co-workers and family, can be expected to have lower risk for developing symptoms than an exhausted officer who has had no time for health activities and is having challenges with co-workers and family. This is before we consider other variables such as familiarity with the vehicle or the occupants. In any case, as a simple function of repeated exposure to trauma, it is reasonable to expect public safety personnel will be at higher risk for Operational Stress Injuries. The re-cast as Operational Stress Injuries also appears defensible because the traumatic exposure is by design, rather than happenstance; indeed, exposure to potentially traumatic stressors is an operational function of public safety careers. In recognition of this, an increasing number of Canadian provinces are creating presumptive legislation that will hopefully make it easier for public safety personnel to access mental health services to reduce the impact of Operational Stress Injuries. That presumptive legislation will also, hopefully, continue to reduce the pervasive stigma that so many public safety personnel report experiencing; nevertheless, reducing such stigma will take time. In my experience public safety leadership have been actively and intentionally working to minimize stigma and find innovative ways to improve access to evidence-based mental health care for their teams. Unfortunately, stigma change cannot be ordered, like changing any cognitive bias it takes time – sometimes generations – to become pervasive because we are asking people to change deeply ingrained beliefs that have been learned implicitly and explicitly. Fortunately, as a community unto themselves, our public safety personnel have always taken leadership roles in change and I believe they can do so again, this time for mental health. There is already evidence that police officers are harder on themselves than they are on other officers and on other members of the public when it comes to mental health stigma (e.g., Carlan & Nored, 2008); as such, there has already been a positive shift, which is increasingly being followed by officers being kinder to themselves and seeking support (e.g., Tucker, 2015). Despite the advances being made, there is still a long way to go in providing the resources and support our police and other public safety personnel need and deserve. The research base in particular warrants substantial attention. There is still a great deal of debate regarding how frequently operational stress injuries occur. There is also a paucity of evidence regarding risk and resiliency variables, as well as the effectiveness of organizational interventions (e.g., training, critical incident stress management, peer-support). As we increasingly recognize the presumptive nature of Operational Stress Injuries for our public safety personnel, we must also recognize our responsibility to prevent or minimize those injuries because ignorance regarding mental health is no longer a defensible excuse. Effective prevention and minimization strategies require appropriate research evidence, which takes time and nationally coordinated resources to collect and disseminate; as such, the sooner we begin investing in that research, the sooner we can provide the morally and economically justified evidence-based support we owe our public safety personnel for protecting all of us. For this reason, an increasing number of academics, as well as public safety agencies, leaders, and organizations, are working to develop a Canadian institute to support research and treatment for public safety personnel. Hopefully we will see tangible support for such an institute from Federal and Provincial governments in the near future. Since at least the early 2000s, there has been increasing interest in re-casting posttraumatic diagnoses as injuries rather than disorders; specically, as Operational Stress Injuries. The re-cast appears readily defensible in that the person re-porting symptoms may well be describing a reasonable set of responses to an unreasonable set of experiences. “ ” Potentially Injured, We must now presume: ...continued
36 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Saskatoon Interval House Supports the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Saskatoon Interval House Inc. 712 Victoria Avenue, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z2 Crisis Line: 1-888-338-0880 Phone: 306-244-0185 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.SaskatoonIntervalHouse.org To provide a short term safe and supportive environment for women with or without children leaving abusive relationships and to work toward the elimination of all forms of abuse including physical, emotional, psychological and sexual. P.O. Box 1270, 91 23rd Street West Battleford, SK S0M 0E0 (306) 445-3500 1-888-445-5262 www.kanaweyimik.com BRUCE MILLER President PRISTINE KITCHEN SYSTEMS INC. ECO-FRIENDLY CABINETRY AND MILLWORK 2250 Hanselman Avenue Saskatoon 306.931.2093 www.pristinekitchens.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 37 WhAT CAn A COP, Drug DEAlEr, AnD A COlOMbiAn TEACh YOu? by Matt Ingrouille The world of drugs has always fascinated me. As soon as I began my law enforcement career, I focussed as much as I could on this area. I have never felt that I truly excelled at any single skill in life. I was average at most things, some slightly above, some slightly below. However, from 2009 to 2014, I worked in the Saskatoon Integrated Drug Unit (it has changed its name a few times since then) and felt like this area of work sparked enough passion for me to exceed even my own expectations. Every area fascinated me from learning through informants, working on highly organized undercover investigations and wiretaps, all the way down to simple street level drug work. The drug unit was tasked with a lot of community initiatives that took time away from enforcement. Initially, I was confused by this but years later, I now know that this is where society needs to focus. Just like our addiction to oil, drug issues will never be resolved without eliminating the demand. Enforcement focusses on the supply, while education focusses on the demand. I began spending countless hours researching the demand of drugs. What is addiction? What causes it? Is there a difference between use and abuse? Why does it seem that the supply never reduces? The more I researched these questions, the more I realized what I thought I knew about drug use and addiction was totally wrong. I have been fortunate, as most police officers are, to meet thousands of people addicted to substances. Most are extremely open to answer questions regarding their life and how their addiction began. I learned very quickly, that what I learned in the text books of my college course on addiction was wrong. In 2010, I worked on a project known as Fraxinus. We were targeting a west coast gang member with ties to Saskatoon. He began supplying the province through a network of new drug traffickers, one being “Phil”. Phil seemed unique. He had, what appeared from the outside looking in, to be a very normal life. He was young, very friendly and played hockey with people we knew. One of our undercover operators started buying marihuana from him as an ‘in’ to the group. We assumed that Phil would have access to harder drugs so we asked for an ounce of cocaine. We were right, and we watched Phil middle a cocaine transaction. When Phil was eventually arrested, I sat with him in an interview room and have never forgotten how open and honest he was about
38 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers “You’re not alone - Be heard and Let Others Help!” Portable Toilets Portable Washrooms BOx 595 - LUSELAND SK - S0L 2A0 MikE MEiSSnEr OWNER/OPERATOR 306.372.4459 3303 Faithfull Avenue, Saskatoon, SK S7K 8H5 Office: 306-373-6166 Fax: 306-374-0336 “WE MAKE IT HAPPEN" Road & Rail Construc-on Aggregate Supply Industrial Site Grading Recycle and Demoli-on
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 39 What Can a Cop, Drug Dealer, and a Colombian Teach You? continued everything. He owned up to it all and took his four-year sentence like a champ. I knew on that day that I would be working with him in the future. I looked him up when he was out and asked if he would be interested in helping me reduce the demand of drugs, specifically by educating teenagers and their parents. He accepted the challenge and became the “drug dealer” in our series, “What Can a Cop, Drug Dealer, and Colombian Teach You?” As for the “Colombian”, I met George Barreras when I was asked to present at an EFAP meeting for the city of Saskatoon. I was told that someone was doing a drug presentation before me. Being, a young and relatively over-confident drug cop, I thought, who could possibly be more qualified to talk on this topic than me? I showed up early to watch George present and he blew my mind. He experienced great tragedy at the hand of the international drug trade, which he fostered into a passion for drug education that matched or possibly exceeded my own. He wrote a great book titled “Benjamin Walker and the Cash Transaction He Wished Never Occurred”. It is a great piece of fiction that has roots in non-fiction. A hundred dollar bill takes you through the drug trade from bottom to the top. After our presentations, we met for a coffee and the bromance was instant. George is an amazing human being. Very few people have the ability and desire to make a family’s great loss public in order to educate the masses. “What Can a Cop, Drug Dealer, and Colombian Teach You?” was created. I pitched the program to the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers (SFPO) to see if every frontline police officer in the province was willing to support the initiative. Thankfully, they were and SFPO has been an incredible support both in guidance, as well as covering any expenses we incur. Our presentation had its first run in Saskatoon in December 2015. With nearly 300 people in attendance, it was a great success. I was flooded with positive feedback from teens, parents and professionals. Sayknow.org was created to bring an online presence to our initiative. It has featured blog posts about medicinal marihuana, teenage partying, and interviews with recovering addicts. Our mission is simple: Reduce the illicit drug trade by removing the demand. This means educating young people and their care givers, and guide those who are struggling with addiction to recovery.
40 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Pleasure Way Industries 302 Portage Ave Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 4C6 Toll Free: 1-800-364-0189 From the moment you arrive, you’ll experience the warmth and welcome of Ramada Worldwide in Prince Albert, Gateway to the North. Here you will discover personalized comfort and value added amenities usually found in small first class hotels. Rest, Relax and Rejuvenate in one of our 66 rooms. Ranging from Single or Double Queen bed rooms and Executive King Rooms. Please visit our newly renovated Jt’s Lounge or our New Signature 22 Grill & Lounge. Or for a more intimate stay, choose from a wide selection off the Room Service Menu. Conveniently located for the best views of the Northern Lights, centrally located near shops and restaurants. 3245 2nd Avenue W. Prince Albert, Saskatchewan S6V 5G1 306.922.1333 • 1.800.363.4466 Dr. Shawn Haas Dr. Dominique Mannix Dr. Sheri-lyn Berry Dr. Leo Perlinger Box 1334 10020 Thatcher Ave, North Battleford, SK S9A 3L8 Phone: 445-3757 Fax: 445-9211 www.lakelandveterinaryservices.com Village Green Thrift Shop 131 20 Street West 306-652-1861 Store Hours: 10am-5pm Donations: 10am-4:30pm Village Green Furniture and Appliance 308 20 Street West 306-665-0102 Store and donation hours: 9am - 6pm MCC Thrift Shops Village Green Thrift Shop 2100 1st Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan S4R 8G6 306.525.2713
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 41 RADICALIZATION www.csis-scrs.gc.ca Canadian Security Intelligence Service The radicalization of Canadians towards violent extremism continues to be a significant concern to Canadian national security. Essentially, radicalization is the process whereby individuals move from holding moderate, mainstream beliefs towards adopting extremist political or religious ideologies. Individuals who become radicalized may support or become involved in violent extremism. Activities can range from attack planning against Canadian targets, sending money or resources to support violent extremist groups, and/or influencing others (particularly youth) towards adopting radical ideologies. Radicalized individuals may also seek to travel abroad for terrorist training or to engage in fighting. Such individuals can pose very serious threats to the security of Canada. Not only are they now seasoned fighters who harness the ability to conduct attacks here, but they may also serve in influencing others. The participation of two young Canadians in an attack on an Algerian petroleum facility in January 2013 where up to 60 individuals died, as well as the widely-reported travel of two other young Canadians to North Africa, allegedly for extremist purposes, is indicative of this trend and highlights the challenge posed by the travel of radicalized individuals for terrorist purposes. In order to generate a better understanding of the phenomenon, the Service conducts research on radicalization in Canada. CSIS has found that for those influenced by the AQ narrative, violent extremists have come from varied social and age levels, are spread widely across the educational spectrum and can appear fully integrated into society, making detection especially difficult. Violent extremism, broadly speaking, refers to the process of taking radical views and putting them into violent action. While radical thinking is by no means a problem in itself, it becomes a threat to national security when Canadian citizens, residents or groups promote or engage in violence as a means of furthering their radical political, ideological or religious views. The motivations and drivers that inspire them towards violent action may be due to real or perceived grievances, for example, animal rights, white supremacy, Al Qaida-inspired, environmentalism and anti-capitalism. Homegrown and imported violent extremism has been on the Canadian scene for many decades. It is not limited to any specific race, ethnicity, religion or culture. There is no single profile or pathway for individuals who come to embrace violent extremism. It is important to note that the threat of violent extremism in Canada evolves constantly. Today's threat is not necessarily the threat of tomorrow. VIOLENT EXTREMISM www.publicsafety.gc.ca Public Safety Canada
42 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers RR4 Box 2 Site 414, Saskatoon, SK S7K 3J7 (306) 382-1695
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 43 More than ever, the lives of young Canadians are lived online. The World Wide Web is used by children, pre-teens, and teens for research, learning, entertainment, social networking, and to just pass the time. The widespread use of the web is facilitated by the fact that computers are readily accessible in classrooms, libraries, and bedrooms of youth while web-enabled cell phones—fast becoming the norm—provide access everywhere in between. In fact, a comprehensive Canadian study on the online habits of youth found that internet “access is almost universal.” However, just because young people have near constant access to the web, it cannot be assumed that they are fully aware of the risks posed by being online. While the internet provides access to rich educational experiences, great entertainment, and the chance to connect with friends around the clock, it also creates a number of risks that young people, parents, and guardians need to be aware of. There are the commonly known concerns of identity theft, online predators, and cyber-bullying but there is another issue that we need to collectively work to address— Radicalization to violence. This informational resource strives to increase the awareness of how the internet is being used to radicalize and recruit youth in North America. WHAT CAN RADICALIZATION MEAN? The radicalization of youth is not a new phenomenon. Radicalization to violence has not been—and will not be—limited to a single group, religion, culture, ethnicity or worldview. Extremist groups from the entire political spectrum as well as those with a different outlook have long sought to foment adolescents by exploiting existing cultural, moral, or societal grievances and capitalizing on the natural desire for adventure that many young people have. Regardless of a person’s background and upbringing, radicalization can result in a change in the beliefs held, the feelings one has on or toward an issue, and one’s behaviour. These changes can result in devoting additional time and financial resources, taking additional risks, and perpetrating violence to support a cause. It can happen to individuals and groups of likeminded people in many ways. Often the seed that starts the process is the perceived victimization of oneself or a group the individual identifies with. This can drive a desire to retaliate or generate change. With a perceived injustice, radicalization of individuals can occur. If an individual, a close relative, or friend has been the victim, thoughts of revenge can push that individual toward violence. This is perhaps best seen in the Chechen widows who strike against Russia in reprisal for their experiences. Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gendarmerie royale du Canada continued... YOUTH ONLINE AND AT RISK: Radicalization Facilitated by the Internet
44 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Celebrate the day, Celebrate your stay Saskatooninn.com 1-800-667-8789 2002 Airport Drive, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7L 6M4 Visit our Newly Renovated Showroom at 2639A Faithful Ave Saskatoon 668-6177 Hours: Monday - Friday 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Saturday 10:00 AM - 4:00 PM www.taitkitchens.com Complete Residential Electrical Service • New Construction •Renovations • Service, Repair & Upgrades • Home Automation 2218 Speers Avenue, Saskatoon |www.whunterelectric.ca 306-249-4537 Locally owned 19 years serving Saskatoon area
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0NTk1OA==