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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 1 PREM I ER OF SASKATCHEWAN LEGISLATIVE BUILDING REGINA, CANADA S4S 0B3 2009 Crime Prevention Guide On behalf of the Government of Saskatchewan, welcome to the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers’ (SFPO) 1st Annual Crime Prevention Guide. Founded in 1962, the SFPO continues to serve as the collective voice of over 1,000 Saskatchewan municipal police and civilian personnel. This year’s inaugural guide tackles the issue of child abuse awareness and prevention. Commendably, all proceeds raised go directly to support important child safety programs such as Child Find Saskatchewan, pay for Annual Police Memorials, and help improve law enforcement in our province. Our government recognizes the dedicated work of our municipal police agencies to reduce violent and other crimes to enhance the safety of our local communities. Healthy children and families are the foundation of a strong and vibrant Saskatchewan. This guide will be an important resource to help educate the public on this difficult subject. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the SFPO for their valuable work. Brad Wall Premier
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 3 Annual Crime Prevention Guide Child Abuse Awareness TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the Premier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Message from the SFPO President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Publisher’s Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Sixth Annual Police and Peace Officers’ Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Saskatchewan Police & Peace Officers’ Honour Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Saskatchewan Police College Recruit Training Classes 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 CHILD ABUSE AWARENESS Child Welfare office locations throughout the province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Regina Children’s Justice Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Family Violence Initiative: Performance Report for April 2004 to March 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 The Criminal Law and Managing Children’s Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 The Maltreatment of Adolescents in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Abuse is Wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Canadian Red Cross RespectED programs and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Lessons from Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Sexual Abuse, What Happens When You Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Provincial Child Abuse Protocol 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Special Committee to Prevent the Abuse and Exploitation of Children Through the Sex Trade (Interim Report) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Second Hand Smoke Risks to Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Where to find more information on Child Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 ADvERtISERS’ INDEx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 COVER PHOTO AND DESIGN: Katherine Dimock-Lavoie
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 5 Dear Sponsor: It gives me great pleasure as President of the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers to introduce this Annual Crime Prevention Guide, focusing on the topic of Child Abuse. This community publication would not be possible without the ongoing support from the business owners of Saskatchewan. Thank you so much for your support of our project. What is Child Abuse? The term “child abuse” refers to the violence, mistreatment or neglect that a child may experience while in the care of someone they either trust or depend on, such as a parent, sibling, relative, caregiver or guardian. There are many different forms of abuse, and a child may be subject to more than one form. An abuser may use a number of different tactics to gain access to a child, exert power and control over them, and prevent them from telling anyone about the abuse or seeking support. Abuse is a misuse of power and a violation of trust. Few people understand the tremendous impact that child abuse has on our communities. As you read through this publication, I hope you find the information helpful. If you become aware of a child being abused, it is your obligation to contact your local Police Force, the Department of Social Services, or your local Crime Stoppers. We can stop Child Abuse! Evan Bray President SK Federation of Police Officers Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Among the objectives of our Federation are the following: • toraise the standards of police workand to foster a true sense of obligation to the public; • to maintain a just, impartial and efficient public police force; • to stimulate interest in the vital importance of police work in the everyday life of the community; • to lobbythe government for progressive changes in Criminal Justice Legislation such as the Youth Justice Act and Early Parole.
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 7 From the Publisher “Providing quality, professional marketing and fund raising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations.” w w w . f e n e t y . c o m On behalf of Fenety Marketing Services and the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers, I would like to take this opportunity to thank each and every contributor to our 2009 telephone Appeal, allowing us to publish this community publication. I would also like to congratulate the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers on the publication of their Annual Crime Prevention Guide. In selecting Child Abuse Awareness as the theme of this first publication, our goal is to educate the public and promote their role in the identification and reporting of abuse. This publication contains information on the many forms of child abuse in our society, and we’re confident that the information contained in this publication will provide one more public resource to help the victims of this terrible crime. Proceeds from this annual project will help the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers support important community child safety programs, such as Child Find Saskatchewan, Annual Police Memorial Services, and help improve law enforcement in Saskatchewan. We welcome your comments or suggestions, and we look forward to speaking with you again this year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, Mark t. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 9 History of the National Memorial Service The murder of Ottawa rookie Cst. David Kirkwood, on July 11, 1977, launched a response that, today, has become the nationally recognized ceremony honouring police and peace officers killed in the line of duty. Following Kirkwood’s senseless killing, Ottawa police officers vowed to keep his memory alive and to ensure that the magnitude of his sacrifice, and that of others like him, would never be forgotten by Canadians. Accordingly, on Sunday, September 24, 1978, a special service and tribute was held. The site selected was Parliament Hill, the place where laws are made that directly impact on police officer safety and, ultimately, the quality of life for us all. Following that first ceremony, a number of features have become tradition and, at the same time, some modifications to the event have occurred as well. The ceremony was expanded to honour other police officers murdered in the line of duty and this criterion of inclusion was itself modified years later to include all officers killed in the line of duty. This current criterion has been applied retroactively, and names of officers killed in the line of duty, from years gone by, are now being added to the Memorial stone. The original ceremonies were limited to police and correctional officers killed but that criterion was expanded, in 1995, to include all peace officers so that all areas of law enforcement are now included in one single ceremony. Police and Peace Officers' National Memorial Day On September 24, 1998, the Government of Canada officially proclaimed the last Sunday of September of every year as Police and Peace Officers' National Memorial Day. In announcing the commemorative day on September 27, 1998, the Solicitor general of Canada stated that "A formal, national Memorial Day gives Canadians an opportunity each year to formally express appreciation for the dedication of police and peace officers, who make the ultimate, tragic sacrifice to keep communities safe." On January 17, 2003 a nation wide half-masting was included in the new half-masting rules. The Flag will be half-masted on all federal buildings and establishments in Canada, including the Peace Tower, from sunrise to sunset on Police and Peace Officers’ National Memorial Day. the Addition of the Memorial Book, the Pavilion and the Memorial Stones During the 1984 service in Ottawa, a Memorial book of remembrance for police and correctional officers killed, while on duty, was introduced by the Office of the Solicitor General and the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP). Sixth Annual — Saskatchewan Police & Peace Officers’ Memorial Regina, Saskatchewan Sunday, September 27, 2009 Continued on page 11...
10 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 3030 Estevan, SK . . . . . . . . . . . 634-2110 3076 Regina North, SK . . . . . . . 543-3237 3077 Regina South, SK . . . . . . 584-0061 3099 Swift Current, SK . . . . . . . 778-3489 3173 Moose Jaw, SK . . . . . . . . 693-3218 3179 Regina East, SK. . . . . . . . 780-3700 5790 Weyburn, SK . . . . . . . . . . 842-6030 3323 - 4TH AVE. N., REGINA, SASK. S4R 0V8 LICENSED BONDED LOCKSMITH RESIDENTIAL • COMMERCIAL • INDUSTRIAL DAVE SPELLISCy
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 11 On March 22, 1994, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien joined the more than 700 police officers and relatives of slain officers at a site behind the Parliament buildings. The Canadian Police Association (CPA) and the CACP dedicated the new Canadian Police Memorial Pavilion and the granite stone at the base of the pavilion that displays the names of officers killed while on duty. When the granite stone was unveiled in 1994, it displayed the names of 227 police officers killed in the line of duty since 1879. Two other stones were also erected; one for peace officers who died in the line of duty and another explaining the pavilion’s history. In 1995, the memorial honour roll was expanded to include the names of slain officers from other Canadian law enforcement agencies, including, Ministry of Natural Resources, Customs and Excise, Fisheries and Oceans, and Conservation. As the turn of the millennium approached, the granite stones and memorial book presented several challenges. In 1999, the CPA, the CACP and the CPOMAworked collaboratively with officials from Public Works and Government Services Canada, to design a new honour roll to enhance the Memorial Pavilion site, compliment the design features of Parliament Hill, and provide sufficient space to recognize our heroes for another 100 years. The parties agreed upon a glass panel monument, to be erected along the perimeter wall adjacent to the Memorial Pavilion. The new monument enhances the existing Memorial Pavilion, provides a lasting tribute to our heroes, and ensures that future generations will be provided with a striking reminder of the sacrifices of our fallen heroes. The new honour roll was unveiled in conjunction with the 2000 Memorial Service, as part of Parliament’s millennium celebration, replacing the granite stones and retiring the Memorial Book of Remembrance. two-gun salute The 1978 ceremony opened with a two-gun salute, fired by members of the 30th Field Regiment of the RCA. This symbolized a long-standing association between the Ottawa Police Service and the 30th Field Regiment, also known as the Bytown Gunners. Both were founded in 1855 and have a long history of mutual support in difficult times; from civil unrest, in the early days of Canada’s history, to royal visits in later years. After the salute, one brass shell case was saved and mounted as a commemorative piece with the inscription: “To fallen comrades, Parliament Hill, September 24, 1978”, along with the badges of the Ottawa Police and Bytown Gunners mounted above and below the inscription. The piece was presented to the Ottawa Police Service on July 7, 1979. Sixth Annual — Saskatchewan Police & Peace Officers’ Memorial Regina, Saskatchewan Sunday, September 27, 2009 Continued from page 9 "Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the children of God." - Matthew 5:9
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14 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 1012 Central Avenue Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2G9 1-306-978-5825 fax 1-306-242-8211 www.0finance.ca Hon. Gerry Ritz, PC, MP Member of Parliament Battlefords-Lloydminster Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Minister for the CanadianWheat Board I commend Saskatchewan’s Municipal Police Officers for the valuable service and support you have given to the people of Saskatchewan. We appreciate your commitment to educate our communities about the crime of child abuse. 1322 - 100 Street North Battleford, SK S9A 0V8 Tel: (306) 445-2004 Fax: (306) 445-0207 Toll-free: 1-888-825-4944 E-mail: [email protected] 781 Confederation Bldg. House of Commons Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6 Tel: (613) 995-7080 Fax: (613) 996-8472 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gerryritzmp.com
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 15 1309 La Ronge Ave., Box 1829 La Ronge, SK S0J 1L0 (306) 425-4703 Fax: (306) 425-6270 NCQ offers training leading to employment opportunities in the resource based sector for Aboriginal residents in the Prince Albert and north area of Saskatchewan • SALES • SERVICE • AUTOBODY • DAILY RENTAL Cars Vans Trucks ® 306-347-2454 Fax 306-781-7112 www.taylorautogroup.ca 655 Broad Street, Regina 1-800-667-9976 “Where Satisfaction is TAYLOR Made” www.RockstarRydz.com 306-527-5451 306-522-5466 305 Dewdney Avenue E, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4N 4G3
16 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Saskatchewan Police Memorial Service Sunday, September 27, 2009 Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 17 President of Saskatchewan Federation of Police, Sgt. Evan Bray Saskatchewan Police Memorial Service Sunday, September 27, 2009 Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties
18 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Saskatchewan Police Memorial Service Sunday, September 27, 2009 Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 19 Saskatchewan Police Memorial Service Sunday, September 27, 2009 Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 21 Saskatchewan Police & Peace Officers’ Honour Roll June 19, 1877 ........................Sub. Cst. George Mahoney, NWMP March 26, 1885 .....................Cst. Thomas James Gibson, NWMP March 27, 1885 .....................Cst. George Knox Garrett, NWMP March 27, 1885 .....................Cst. George Pearce Arnold, NWMP April 15, 1885 .......................Cst. David Latimer Cowan, NWMP May 2, 1885 ..........................Cpl. Ralph Bateman Sleigh, NWMP May 3, 1885 ..........................Cst. Patrick Burke, NWMP May 3, 1885 ..........................Cpl. William Hay Talbot Lowry, NWMP May 14, 1885 ........................Cst. Frank Orlando Elliott, NWMP June 17, 1889 ........................Cst. James Herron, NWMP August 10, 1890 ....................Sgt. Albert Ernest Garland Montgomery, NWMP October 29, 1895...................Sgt. Colin Campbell Colebrook, NWMP April 27, 1896 .......................Cst. Oscar Alexander Kern, NWMP May 28, 1897 ........................Cst. John Randolph Kerr, NWMP May 29, 1897 ........................Cpl. Charles Horne Sterling Hockin, NWMP June 8, 1906 ..........................Cst. Thomas Robert Jackson, RNWMP August 19, 1925 ....................Penitentiary Guard Stanley Herbert Blythe, Saskatchewan Penitentiary, Prince Albert July 5, 1932 ...........................Cpl. Leonard Victor Ralls, RCMP May 8, 1933 ..........................Insp. Lorne James Sampson, RCMP August 6, 1933 ......................Cst. George A. Lenhard, Regina Police July 1, 1935 ...........................Det. Charles Miller, Regina Police August 26, 1939 ....................Cst. Willis Edward Rhodeniser, RCMP October 11, 1939 ...................Cst. Norman Alfred Gleadow, RCMP March 16, 1940 .....................Sgt. Arthur Julian Barker, RCMP May 23, 1940 ........................Cst. Harry G. Rapeer, RCMP October 20, 1943...................Surgeon Maurice Powers, RCMP October 6, 1955.....................Cst. Charles William Reay, RCMP December 12, 1955 ...............Insp. David James McCombe, RCMP August 5, 1956 ......................Cst. Matthew Kwasnica, Prince Albert Police August 20, 1959 ....................Conversation Officer Harold B. Thompson, Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources September 17, 1961...............Cst. Wayne Sinclair, RCMP February 2, 1965 ...................Cst. David Brian Robinson, RCMP Continued on page 23 Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties
22 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Construction and General Workers Union, Local No. 180 CHARTERED By Get a Crush on Saskatchewan! Recycle Your Milk Containers Today If you love your environment, it’s the right thing to do. To find your local depot or drop-off bin visit www.sarcsarcan.ca Remember the Three Rs REMOVE the cap, RINSE the container, and REDUCE their size by flattening them. Proud supporter of our Police Officers Size: ¼ page ad (black & white) TD Bank Financial Group is proud to support the Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers.
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 23 Saskatchewan Police & Peace Officers’ Honour Roll November 19, 1965 . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Alfred B. Newland, Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources April 20, 1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Philip John Francis Tidman, RCMP October 20, 1966 . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Roger R. Beausoleil, Town Police, Willow Bunch, SK October 9, 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . .Sgt. Robert James Schrader, RCMP October 9, 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Douglas Bernard Anson, RCMP May 5, 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Leslie E. Gardner, Moose Jaw Police April 25, 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. T. Brian King, RCMP, Saskatoon May 24, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Roy John William Karwaski, RCMP August 11, 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . .Cpl. Ole R. Larsen, RCMP October 16, 1982 . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Douglas A.M. Butler, RCMP August 31, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Richard Allan Bourgoin, RCMP October 27, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Daniel Lincoln Keough, RCMP January 8, 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . .S/Cst. W.P. Boskill, RCMP January 8, 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . .S/Cst. J.E Wilson, RCMP March 6, 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . .Corrections Officer Alvin A. Frank, Ministry of Solicitor General and Corrections March 15, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. D.S. Beyak, RCMP August 17, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Murray L. Doell, Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources January 14, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Lee Murray, Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources July 26, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Arthur T. Haugen, Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources February 17, 1996 . . . . . . . . . .Lynn Sharber, Saskatchewan Department of Social Services January 24, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Breton Thomas, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management January 24, 1997 . . . . . . . . . . .Conservation Officer Kevin R. Misfeldt, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management May 7, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. J.E.J.G. Daniel Bourdon, RCMP July 15, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Robin Cameron, RCMP July 16, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cst. Marc Bourdages, RCMP Dedicated to the memory of all those Police and Peace Officers killed in the performance of their duties Continued from page 21
24 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Empowering Children, Families & the Community NCFC, a crime prevention agency providing a range of program and activities designed to improve the quality of life for all individuals and for the revitalization of Regina’s North Central Community. North Central Family Centre Inc. Avonlea Co-op 300 1st Avenue E, Avonlea, Saskatchewan S0H 0C0 306.868.2133 Estevan 413 Kensington Avenue, Box 609 Estavan, SK, S4A 2B4 306-634-2110
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 25 Saskatchewan Police College Recruit Training Class #58 January 5 - May 8, 2009 Back Row (L-R): Csts. Steven Norton, Adam Boyce, Robert Doerksen, Kevin Tamaki, Tyson Holeha, Curtis Warkentin, Matthew Heck, Michael Seel, Marc Malenfant Middle Row (L-R): Csts. Curtis Warnar, Michael Chow, Derek Petrovicz, Riley Carnall, Dennis Baron, Taras Stokalko, Tyler Melnychuk, Christopher Murphy, Christopher Flanagan, Ryan Geib Front Row (L-R): Csts. Kimberly Chyz, Kara Marks, Jeremy Kerth, Jason Mochoruk, Mr. Basil Kuzyk, Mr. Gary Morin, Sgt. Brad Walter, Csts. Alison Krupp, Dione Meier, Tara Danielson
26 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers The mission of the Sunrise Health Region is to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities through leadership, collaboration and the provision of high quality health services. The mission and values of the health region are devoted to achieving our long-term vision: Working together... for healthy people in healthy communities. 270 Bradbrook Drive, Yorkton, SK, S3N 2K6 306.795.2665 Exercise for your mind Connect to a healthy choice... where you live, work, learn and play
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 27 Saskatchewan Police College Recruit Training Class #59 August 10 - December 11, 2009 Back Row (L-R): Csts. Nathan Gawryluk, Heather Primeau, Kent Westrom, Chris Teichreb, Taylor Elder, Aaron Neault, Jason Willard, Daniel Blum, David Behm-Wallace, Allisha Stewart, Andrea Selinger Middle Row (L-R): Csts. Sarah Hungle, John Paul McLane, Drew Dubnyk, James Maynes, Derek Churko, Shelby Georget, Adam Dottermann, Dan Sedgewick, Chad Seidel, Chelsea Wutzke, Priscilla Johnstone Front Row (L-R): Csts. Justin Michell, Andrea Ladouceur, Cole Miklautsch, Heather Krowchenko, Mr. Basil Kuzyk, Mr. Gary Morin, Csts. Andrea Marcia, John Duff, Neil Beitel, Jenifer Creary
28 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers SASKATCHEWAN HEALTH CARE COUNCIL OF UNIONS 3725 E. Eastgate Drive Regina, Saskatchewan S4T 1A5 180A Broadway West, yorkton, Saskatchewan S3N 0M6 Phone: (306) 783-1396 Facsimile: (306) 783-1398 [email protected]
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 29 Anyone who has a reason to believe that a child is being abused or neglected has a legal duty to report it. you are not expected to determine if a child is being abused or neglected, a trained social worker will make that determination. Members of the public are simply obligated by the law to report suspected abuse or neglect. If you do not report a suspicion of abuse or neglect, you could be fined up to $25,000, or get a jail term of up to 24 months, or get both a fine and a jail term. you can report information to: • any Social Services office; • a community crisis centre or unit (check the inside cover of your phone book); • a police officer; or • a First Nations Child and Family Service Agency. Buffalo Narrows Pederson Avenue PO Box 220 S0M 0J0 1-800-667-7685 Creighton 1st Street East S0P 0A0 1-800-532-9580 Estevan PO Box 5000 1219 5th Street S4A 2V6 637-4550 Fort Qu'Appelle 177 Segwun Avenue South S0G 1S0 1-800-667-3260 Kindersley 113 - 2nd Avenue East S0L 1S0 463-5470 Lloydminster 4815 - 50th Street S9V 0M8 1-877-367-7707 LaLoche LaLoche Avenue, Box 70 S0M 1G0 822-1711 LaRonge 1320 LaRonge Avenue S0J 1L0 1-800-567-4066 Melfort 107 Crawford Street East S0E 1A0 1-800-487-8640 Moose Jaw 36 Athabasca Street West S6H 6V2 694-3647 Meadow Lake Unit 5, 101 - Railway Place S9X 1X6 1-877-368-8898 North Battleford 405-1146-102nd Street S9A 1G1 446-7705 1-877-993-9911 Nipawin 210 - 1st Street East PO Box 1360 S0E 1E0 1-800-487-8594 Prince Albert 800 Central Avenue S6V 6G1 1-800-487-8603 Regina 2045 Broad Street S4P 3V7 787-3700 Rosetown 122- 2nd Avenue West Box 38 S0L 2V0 882-5400 Saskatoon 160 - 2nd Avenue South S7K 2H6 1-877-884-1687 Swift Current 350 Cheadle Street West S9H 4G3 778-8219 Weyburn 110 Souris Avenue N.E S4H 2Z9 848-2404 Yorkton 72 Smith Street East S3N 2y4 1-877-786-3288
30 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers TIME REAL ESTATE LTD. 2330 15TH AVE #311 REGINA SK S4P 1A2 1.306.536.7500 PDQ Courier 403 44th St E, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 0V9 306 382 0822 Southern Range WELL SERVICING P.O. Box 895, Weyburn, SK, S4H 2L1 306-861-1062 Credit Union Centre 101-3515 Thatcher Ave., Saskatoon, SK, S7R 1C4 (306) 975-3155 Darlington Holdings Inc. PO Box 177 Stn Main, Moose Jaw, SK S6H 4N8 306 693 4420 From a Friend
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 31 Regina Children’s Justice Centre The Regina Children’s Justice Centre (RCJC) is an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to investigating child abuse that is unique in Canada. Partnerships include Saskatchewan Justice, Department of Social Services, Regina Health District and the Regina Police Service. The initial concept originated because a need was identified to increase the level of cooperation between agencies responsible for the safety of children. The RCJC is located at a child-friendly location, which includes specially designed interview rooms, a playroom and family waiting area. RCJC has its own unique method of child interviewing, resulting in an increase in the number and quality of child disclosures and the reduction of court appearances by the victim. Exceptional people staff the Regina Children’s Justice Centre. They have put aside the agendas of their respective disciplines in the interest of compassion toward the most vulnerable members of our society, our children. It is the law to report any suspected child abuse. Adults and children can report any concerns to: Child Protection Intake Line 787-3760 Regina Police Service 777-6500 Kids Help Phone 1-800-668-6868
32 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers BEL-AIR GARDENS 28 Pacific Ave. Maple Creek, SK S0N 1N0 306-662-2779 7KDQN \RX WR SROLFH RIÀ FHUV DFURVV 6DVNDWFKHZDQ IRU VXSSRUWLQJ VDIHW\ SDWUROV LQ VFKRROV WKURXJKRXW WKH SURYLQFH CAA Saskatchewan, a proud sponsor of the School Safety Patrol Program. 7KDQN \RX WR SROLFH RIÀ FHUV DFURVV 6DVNDWFKHZDQ IRU VXSSRUWLQJ VDIHW\ SDWUROV LQ VFKRROV WKURXJKRXW WKH SURYLQFH CAA Saskatchewan, a proud sponsor of the School Safety Patrol Program. 7K Q \RX WR SROLFH RIÀ FHUV DFURVV 6DVNDWFKHZDQ IRU VXSSRUWLQJ VDIHW\ SDWUROV LQ VFKRROV WKURXJKRXW WKH SURYLQFH CAA Saskatchewan, a proud sponsor of the School Safety Patrol Prog m. Canadian Tire 1240 Simms Ave. Weyburn, SK S4H 3N9 306.842.4600 www.evansinsurance.net
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 33 Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada WHAT IS CHILD ABUSE? The term “child abuse” refers to the violence, mistreatment or neglect that a child or adolescent may experience while in the care of someone they either trust or depend on, such as a parent, sibling, other relative, caregiver or guardian. Abuse may take place anywhere and may occur, for example, within the child’s home or that of someone known to the child. There are many different forms of abuse and a child may be subjected to more than one form: Physical abuse may consist of just one incident or it may happen repeatedly. It involves deliberately using force against a child in such a way that the child is either injured or is at risk of being injured. Physical abuse includes beating, hitting, shaking, pushing, choking, biting, burning, kicking or assaulting a child with a weapon. It also includes holding a child under water, or any other dangerous or harmful use of force or restraint. Female genital mutilation is another form of physical abuse. Sexual abuse and exploitation involves using a child for sexual purposes. Examples of child sexual abuse include fondling, inviting a child to touch or be touched sexually, intercourse, rape, incest, sodomy, exhibitionism, or involving a child in prostitution or pornography. Neglect is often chronic, and it usually involves repeated incidents. It involves failing to provide what a child needs for his or her physical, psychological or emotional development and well being. For example, neglect includes failing to provide a child with food, clothing, shelter, cleanliness, medical care or protection from harm. Emotional neglect includes failing to provide a child with love, safety, and a sense of worth. Emotional abuse involves harming a child’s sense of self. It includes acts (or omissions) that result in, or place a child at risk of, serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental health problems. For example, emotional abuse may include verbal threats, social isolation, intimidation, exploitation, or routinely making unreasonable demands. It also includes terrorizing a child, or exposing them to family violence. An abuser may use a number of different tactics to gain access to a child, exert power and control over them, and prevent them from telling anyone about the abuse or seeking support. A child who is being abused is usually in a position of dependence on the person who is abusing them. Abuse is a misuse of power and a violation of trust. The abuse may happen once or it may occur in a repeated and escalating pattern over a period of months or years. The abuse may change form over time. HOW WIDESPREAD IS CHILD ABUSE IN CANADA? It has been difficult to obtain a complete picture of child abuse in Canada because it often remains hidden. Most provincial and territorial child welfare laws require those (including professionals and members of the public) who suspect that a child is being maltreated to make a report to the appropriate child welfare authority. Yet many cases of child abuse remain undisclosed, either because a child does not, or cannot, tell anyone what has happened to them, or because no one reports the abuse to the authorities. A child who is being abused may endure the abuse for a long time before telling anyone what is happening. Some victims never tell anyone about what they have experienced. There are many reasons why abuse may remain hidden. For example, an abuser may manipulate, bribe, coerce or threaten a child (or someone they love) to prevent them from telling anyone about the abuse. Depending on their age and stage of development, a child may not be able to communicate what has happened to them, or they may fear they will not be believed. They may be convinced that the abuse is their fault and, if they tell anyone about it, they will be punished. They may fear that they or the abuser will be removed from the home, or suffer other consequences. They may feel ashamed and want to keep the abuse (and related family problems) secret to avoid being stigmatized or have their sexual identity questioned. A child who is being abused is usually in a position of dependence on the abuser. The power imbalance between the child and the abuser often increases the burden of disclosure. Children who are sexually abused, for example, may not tell anyone for a long time, or ever. Many children who experienced abuse while living in special needs institutions, child welfare facilities, youth detention facilities, and residential schools for Aboriginal children are only now, as adults, reporting the abuse. Individuals who witness or suspect that a child is being abused may not report it because they: • want to avoid the demands of becoming “involved” • have personal views which condone the use of physical punishment • believe that the abuse is not “serious,” especially if the child does not have visible or severe injuries • believe that reporting the abuse to the authorities is not in the child’s best interest • believe that reporting may not solve the problem because, for example, there may be a lack of appropriate services to help the child Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative continued...
34 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 789-4447 Fax 761-0971 “44 Years Experience” MILLER’S SHEET METAL SHEET METAL FLASHING CUSTOM WORK STEEL, COPPER, STAINLESS 611 48th St E . . . . . . . . . (306) 242-0900
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 35 • lack knowledge about the signs and symptoms of abuse • not understand their responsibility to report abuse • not know that they can report to child welfare agencies, provincial or territorial social services departments or police departments, or • not know that a report can be made anonymously, and that there are no legal consequences, unless the report is false and is made maliciously. Although many cases of abuse are still not reported to either police or child welfare authorities, data from police reports and child welfare authorities is still the most important source of information about child abuse. A recent study, the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) estimated the extent of child abuse in Canada based on data from child welfare authorities. The CIS is an important milestone in providing a national picture of child abuse. This study collected information about more than 7,000 child welfare investigations conducted across the country during a three-month period in 1998. Based on this data, the CIS estimated that there were 135,573 child maltreatment investigations in Canada in 1998 - a rate of almost 22 investigations for every 1000 children in Canada. Child welfare workers were able to confirm that the abuse had occurred in almost half (45%) of all cases. The key findings of the CIS include: Physical abuse: In 1998, about one third (31%) of investigations involved physical abuse as the primary reason for the investigation. Physical abuse was confirmed in about one third (34 %) of these investigations, a rate of 2.25 cases of confirmed physical abuse for every 1,000 children in Canada. Sexual abuse: One in ten (10%) investigations in 1998 involved sexual abuse as the primary reason for the investigation. Sexual abuse was confirmed in more than one third (38%) of these cases, a rate of 0.86 cases per 1,000 children. Neglect: Neglect was the primary reason for investigation in 40% of all cases in 1998. Neglect was confirmed in 43% of these cases, a rate of 3.66 cases per 1,000 children. Emotional maltreatment: In 1998, 19% of all investigations involved emotional maltreatment as the primary reason for the investigation. Emotional maltreatment was confirmed in more than half (54%) of these cases, a rate of 2.20 cases per 1,000 children. In addition to the CIS findings, the 1999 General Social Survey on Victimization (GSS) provides additional information on the extent to which children are exposed to family violence. The GSS found children in approximately half a million households had either heard or witnessed a parent being assaulted during the five years prior to the survey. WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO CHILD ABUSE? There is no single, definitive cause of child abuse, and any child - regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, cultural identity, socioeconomic status, spirituality, sexual orientation, physical or mental abilities or personality - may be vulnerable to being abused. Child abuse is a complex problem and there are many different contributing factors (individual, familial, social). Many experts believe that child abuse is linked to inequalities among people in our society and the power imbalance between adults and children. A child is usually in a position of dependence on his or her abuser, and has little or no power compared to the abuser. There is increasing understanding that a child’s vulnerability to abuse may be increased by factors such as dislocation, colonization, racism, sexism, homophobia, poverty and social isolation. For example, in the past, many children sent to institutions experienced abuse. Most of these children were from marginalized groups in our society including, among others, children with disabilities, children from racial and ethnic minorities, Aboriginal children and children living in poverty. There are also factors that may increase a child’s vulnerability to being abused - or compound the effects of abuse. For example, a child’s caregivers may experience barriers that prevent them from acquiring the necessary skills, resources and supports to prevent abuse, or they may lack access to the services and supports they need to address it. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD ABUSE? Child abuse has devastating consequences for victims. Depending on its form(s), duration and severity, abuse may affect every aspect of a child’s life; it may have consequences that are psychological, physical, behavioural, academic, sexual, interpersonal, selfperceptual or spiritual. The effects of abuse may appear right away, or surface only in adolescence or adulthood. Further, the effects may differ according to the nature of the response to the abuse, and whether the abuse was disclosed or reported. In some cases, the consequences are fatal. Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative ...Family Violence Initiative continued continued...
36 Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers Thyssen Mining Construction 2409 Albert St. N. Box 1997, Regina, SK S4P 3E1 306-949-6606 Proud to Support the Men & Women of the Canadian Forces. North East School Division “education in a culture of excellence” North East School Division Box 6000, Melfort, SK S0E 1A0 306-752-2891 601 Carleton Trail, Battleford Precision Computerized Roto-Molding Custom Mold Manufacturing Innovative Polyethylene Solutions [email protected] 200 60th Street East • Fax (306) 249-5101 Saskatoon tel: (306) 249-4577
Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 37 Girls and boys are affected differently by abuse. Compared to boys, girls are more likely to internalize their response to violence, and experience, for example, suicidal ideation, eating disorders, low self-esteem and psychological disorders. Boys are more likely to externalize their response to violence, displaying, for example, increased aggression, delinquency and spousal abuse. Boys who have been exposed to violence in their homes are more likely to be violent in their adolescent and adult relationships than boys not exposed to violence. PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO CHILD ABUSE In Canada, child welfare laws require that all cases of suspected child abuse must be investigated to determine if a child is in need of protection. If a child is determined to be in need of protection, the child welfare authorities may respond by, for example, providing counseling and support for the family, removing the child (temporarily or permanently) from the home, or removing the abuser(s) from the home. Criminal sanctions may also apply in cases of sexual or physical abuse. Since the 1960s, significant steps have been taken to address child abuse in Canada including, for example: • the introduction of mandatory reporting laws • the creation of child abuse registries • changes to the Criminal Code and the Canada Evidence Act (see Reforming the law and enhancing its implementation); • the extension of time limits for laying charges in child sexual abuse cases, and • the establishment of child protection agencies run by First Nations. Further, since the landmark reports by Badgley (1984) and Rogers (1990), legislation to address child sexual abuse has been created and efforts to address the sexual exploitation of children are ongoing. Following the 1996 report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the federal government acknowledged its role in the occurrence of physical and sexual abuse in residential schools, and implemented a community-based healing strategy for Aboriginal communities (Gathering Strength). Given the extent of child abuse in Canada - as well as the complexity of this issue and its enormous impact - effectively preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse is an enormous but essential task. Addressing this issue requires the ongoing commitment and collaboration of community members, practitioners, and policy makers across Canada. Community supports and services for victims and their families are essential. The Department of Justice Canada and its partners - including non-governmental organizations, provincial and territorial governments and the private sector - are actively involved in addressing child abuse issues through legal reform, public and professional education, research and support for programs and services. Some of this work is linked to the Department’s participation in the federal government’s current Family Violence Initiative which focuses on violence against women and children that occurs in the home, while other areas of activity are linked to other initiatives including, for example, the National Children’s Agenda, the Aboriginal Justice Strategy, and the National Strategy on Crime Prevention and Community Safety. REFORMING THE LAW AND ENHANCING ITS IMPLEMENTATION In Canada, child abuse and exploitation are prohibited by the Criminal Code. For example, offenders may be charged under the Criminal Code for assaulting children. At the provincial/ territorial level, child protection legislation permits intervention to ensure children’s safety and welfare. In recent years, the Criminal Code has been amended to create new criminal offences relating to child sexual assault, to specifically include female genital mutilation in the aggravated assault provision, and to amend the provisions on child sex tourism. Currently, Bill C-15 proposes legislation to protect children from sexual exploitation by criminalizing a number of specific actions including luring children on the Internet; transmitting, making available, or exporting child pornography on the Internet; or intentionally accessing child pornography on the Internet. Sentencing provisions would also be strengthened. Bill C-15 also proposes measures to make it easier to prosecute people involved in child sex tourism. Federal law also seeks to protect child witnesses. For example, recent amendments to the Canada Evidence Act, whichdefine the forms of evidence that may be admitted in court, allow children, depending on their age and the type of offence involved, to be accompanied by a support person when they testify in court. Further, children can no longer be cross-examined by an accused; they may be allowed to provide testimony outside the courtroom or behind screens; and a videotape may be admitted as evidence, in lieu of a child’s in-person testimony. As part of the Children as Victims Project, the Department of Justice Canada is conducting a comprehensive review and consultation with its provincial/territorial partners and the public to determine the need for further reforms to Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative ...Family Violence Initiative continued continued...
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Saskatchewan Federation of Police Officers 39 criminal law and policy, particularly with respect to specific offences against children, children’s testimony, and sentencing. The Project is exploring: • adding new child-specific offences to the Criminal Code. Child specific offences under review include: criminal physical abuse of a child, criminal neglect of a child, criminal emotional abuse of a child, child homicide, and failing to report suspected crimes against children. • ensuring that the Criminal Code provisions concerning age of consent are appropriate. The areas under review include raising the general age of consent to sexual activity, and a possible amendment to ensure that a child victim’s apparent consent cannot be used as a defence. •ensuring that the Criminal Code contains sentencing provisions to better protect children. Possible modifications currently under review include provisions to: specifically emphasize the importance of denunciation and deterrence of crimes against children; provide the courts with additional tools to require longer-term supervision and mandate the availability of treatment for offenders who pose a continuing danger of re-offending against children; recognize the frequency and seriousness of child abuse in the home and at the hands of parents and caretakers; encourage the courts, when sentencing offenders in these cases, to place less emphasis on an offender’s previous good character, since it is not unusual for such offenders to lack a prior criminal record; and require the courts to emphasize the emotional and psychological harms caused to children in assessing the gravity of the offences and the conduct involved. • improving the experience of child witnesses and facilitating their testimony in criminal proceedings. Potential changes under review include: eliminating the required competency hearing for child witnesses; making the use of testimony outside the courtroom or behind screens more widely available; increasing the use of videotaped evidence; changes to the use of hearsay statements; ensuring that delays in the court process do not jeopardize the availability of support for child witnesses; ensuring that supports are available regardless of the type of offence; and ensuring that children are not questioned in ways that are inappropriate to their age and development during cross-examination. Some of the Department’s other areas of activity which impact on the issue of child abuse include: • The Supreme Court of Canada has recently upheld the Criminal Code of Canada’s possession of child pornography provision. • A Federal/Provincial/Territorial Working Group on Prostitution has been addressing the issue of youth involvement in prostitution through research and consultations in most jurisdictions. The Working Group’s report on legislation, policy and practices concerning prostitution-related activities was released in December 1998. • The Department is actively involved in international efforts to prevent trafficking in children and child sexual exploitation. • The family law system and the federal Divorce Act are also important tools for addressing the issue of child abuse. The Department is consulting with Canadians to determine how the legal system can improve its response to family violence when parents are separating or divorcing, and what changes (if any) should be made to the federal Divorce Act to promote Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative ...Family Violence Initiative continued continued...
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